Miloch wrote in
:

...in a rush to get the plane certified as fit to fly, scathing report
finds

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art...isasters-cause
d-poor-design-failed-regulation-report-says.html

*Boeing 737 Max 8 jets were involved in fatal crashes in Indonesia and
Ethiopia

*The model was grounded worldwide after the two disasters in 2018 and
2019

*Boeing and the FAA were criticized in House Transportation
Committee's report

Two Boeing plane crashes that killed 346 people in five months were
the 'horrific culmination' of design flaws, poor government oversight
and a lack of action by the planemaker, investigators have said.

Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration were both criticized in
a scathing report by the House Transportation Committee after the
crashes in Indonesia in October 2018 and Ethiopia in March 2019.

The reports said that Boeing hid 'catastrophic' design flaws in a bid
to beat deadlines so the 737 Max could be certified as fit to fly.

Both the stricken planes were Boeing 737 Max 8 jets - a model which
met FAA requirements but was grounded around the world in the wake of
the second disaster 18 months ago.

'The fact that a compliant airplane suffered from two deadly crashes
in less than five months is clear evidence that the current regulatory
system is fundamentally flawed and needs to be repaired,' the report
released early Wednesday said.

Regulators are testing planes with revamped flight control software,
and Boeing hopes to get the Max flying again late this year or early
in 2021.

The investigators mainly focused on the reason Boeing was able to get
the jet approved with minimal pilot training: It convinced the FAA
that the Max was an updated version of previous generation 737s.

But in fact, Boeing equipped the plane with software called MCAS, an
acronym for Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, which
automatically lowers the plane's nose to prevent an aerodynamic stall.

Initially, pilots worldwide were not told about the system, which
Boeing said was needed because the Max had bigger, more powerful
engines.

In both crashes, MCAS repeatedly pointed the nose down, forcing pilots
into unsuccessful struggles to keep the planes aloft.

Committee investigators said they found several instances in which
Boeing concealed information about MCAS from the FAA and airlines.

The Chicago-based company didn't disclose that MCAS worked off a
single sensor called 'angle of attack,' which measures a plane's
pitch.

It also didn't disclose that a gauge that would have alerted pilots to
a malfunctioning sensor didn't work on the vast majority of the jets.

Boeing also concealed that it took a company test pilot more than 10
seconds to determine that MCAS was operating and respond to it, a
condition that the pilot found to be 'catastrophic,' according to the
report.

Federal guidelines assume pilots will respond to this condition within
four seconds.

Four Boeing employees with permission to act on the FAA's behalf to
validate aircraft systems knew about the test pilot's slow response,
the report said -but there was no evidence that they reported this to
the FAA, the report said.

Another representative raised concerns in 2016 about hazards of MCAS
repeatedly pointing the plane's nose down, but the concerns never made
it to the FAA.

Repeated MCAS activation and faulty sensors 'were the core
contributing factors that led to the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines
crashes more than two years later,' the report said.

The committee identified many deficiencies in the FAA approval process
for new jetliners.

The report highlights the need for legislation to fix the approval,
said committee chairman Peter DeFazio.

'Obviously the system is inadequate,' said DeFazio, a Democrat. 'We
will be adopting significant reforms.'

DeFazio would not give details of possible changes, saying committee
leaders are in talks with Republicans about legislation.

Senators are today considering a bill introduced in June giving the
FAA more control over picking company employees who sign off on safety
decisions.

One improvement may be that a plane with significant changes from
previous models would need more FAA review.

According to the report, Boeing wanted to keep details about MCAS from
the FAA so it wouldn't require additional pilot training.

Extra training would have ruined Boeing's sales pitch for the Max,
that pilots of older 737s wouldn't have to go through extensive
simulator training to fly the new planes.

Investigators found that Boeing had a financial incentive to avoid
more pilot training. Under a 2011 contract with Southwest Airlines,
Boeing would have had to knock $1 million off the price of each Max if
simulator training was needed.

'That drove a whole lot of really bad decisions internally at Boeing,
and also the FAA did not pick up on these things,' DeFazio said.

He added that Boeing had an internal meeting in 2013 and agreed never
to talk about MCAS outside the company.

At one point, MCAS was listed in pilot training manuals, but an
authorized representative signed off on removing it, he said.

In a statement, Boeing said it has worked to strengthen its safety
culture and has cooperated with the committee. The company has
incorporated many recommendations from committees and experts who have
examined Max issues.

Boeing said it has learned from mistakes.

'Change is always hard and requires a daily commitment, but we as a
company are dedicated to doing the work,' the statement said.

The FAA said in a statement it looks forward to working with the
committee to make improvements, and is already making changes based on
internal and independent reviews.

'These initiatives are focused on advancing overall aviation safety by
improving our organization, processes, and culture,' the FAA said,
adding that it is requiring a number of design changes to the Max
before it can fly again.

When it came to FAA oversight, investigators said they found multiple
examples of agency managers overruling technical and safety experts at
the behest of Boeing.

A draft FAA survey said that many in the FAA believe aviation
officials 'are overly concerned with achieving the business oriented
outcomes of industry stakeholders and are not held accountable for
safety-related decisions,' the report stated.

In an interview with investigators, Keith Leverkuhn, former Boeing
general manager for the Max who was promoted in the company, said he
considered development of the Max a success despite the crashes.

'I do challenge the suggestion that the development was a failure,'
the report quotes him as saying.

Investigators wrote that this raised doubts about Boeing's ability to
change.

'Only a genuine, holistic, and assertive commitment to changing the
cultural issues unearthed in the committee's investigation ... can
enhance aviation safety and truly help both Boeing and the FAA learn
from the dire lessons of the 737 Max tragedies,' the report said.



It was telling that Ethiopia didn't send
the Black Box from the crash there to Boeing
or the FFA - it clearly didn't trust them -
but to the EU instead.