So what you're postulating is the existence of a pilot who stops
asessing risk just because the instructor is there, even though he's
actually a pilot who is already able to fly on his own, and thus
necessarily able to asess and manage risk? Are you sure this actually
happens? Because from my point of view, that's like abdicating one's
responsibility as a pilot, and dropping to the level of a passenger
who is allowed to manipulate the controls or share some cockpit tasks.

Yes, I think that's exactly what is being postulated. I think there's a
continuum between the extreme case of becoming a passenger, and the other
extreme case of ignoring the instructor's existance.

Jose

--
(for Email, make the obvious changes in my address)