Yes, Richard. The pilot must not *require* the GPS to fly safely. Do
not fear, no pilot under my tutelage will feel unsafe without it when
they fly off into the wild grey yonder without me. That's how we
train. Here a VFR example. Just flew a 2 hour night cross-country
flight in a single-engine airplane yesterday evening over large areas
of featureless and unlit terrain. Turned off the GPS when we flipped
the avionics master on. My student did the whole darn thing using
pilotage. (Love those airport beacons!) Good 'nuff for ya?

The application for the instructor is, well, instructional. I can
provide "practice vectors" okay from non-satellite GPS sources, but
why? I don't need to prove anything. I'm not training to become an
air traffic controller. It's one more unneeded stressor in the
training environment. Puhleeeeze.

-Ryan