In article m,
Wizard of Draws wrote:

The recent GPS/IFR discussions here got me to thinking. I generally fly an
Arrow, equipped with a Garmin 430, 2 VORs, Loran, my handheld GPS, my
sectionals, low enroute charts, and since I got my IFR ticket, I try to fly
under ATC control as often as possible to keep my comm skills up.

On cross county flights, I fiddle with the VORs and cross check my location,
I set the Loran (if it's working that day), etc. In other words, for
navigation, I use everything inside and out the cockpit that is operational.

Which one is considered primary?

How about this: primary is the one(s) used to meet the requirements
for the particular navigation (a VOR for a VOR approach, the ADF when
flying an NDB approach, IFR GPS when etc etc). Everything else is used for
situational awareness.

--
Bob Noel
New NHL? what a joke