- which in normal circumstances would've warranted a go-around. Since
you can't do that now with one engine,

Of course you can go-around on one engine. Transport category a/c
are required by regulation to be able to do that.
After all....the airplane is able to continue the takeoff after
an engine failure while still on the runway and past the V1 speed,
it stands to reason that if already airborne and at a speed higher
than V1, it can continue flying.
:-) :-)

Bob Moore