Matt Whiting wrote:
Does anyone know of a site that shows the common types and locations of
airplane antennas? It seems like this would exist somewhere, but I've
yet to find the right combination of keywords to find anything with Google.

Didja try with "avionics antenna" ... and check manufacturer sites?
Have to read for locations, though:

http://www.avionix.com/antennas.html

Cheers, Kev