On Aug 24, 6:57*am, Ron wrote:
Perhaps I'm missing something, but how were any of these events
"runway"
incursions.

At a towered airport, walking onto an active taxiway is considered a
runway incursion. According to the FAA runway safety authority who was
at the airport and who called the tower to confirm that they had
reported it to the FAA, responsibility for this incursion would fall
on the pedestrian and the port authority.

At the same airport, taxiing onto an active taxiway without clearance
is a runway incursion. This too was reported by ATC to the FAA, and
responsibility would fall on the pilot of the aircraft. (If they chose
to pursue it.)

A third type of incursion occurs when the tower issues a conflicting
clearance or causes an aircraft to violate a rule. Responsibility for
this would fall on ATC, which is required to report -all- runway
incursions in case it turns out they're causing them.

-Chris
CFI