Thanks.

There are standard algorithms such as Kalman filters.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor_fusion

For example you could dead reckon from ASI, accelerators and gyros. It would drift over time, because its an integration. Combine that however with GPS, altimeter, etc, and you can end up with a system that has lower errors.

Gusts in one way, are just noise, and approaches like Kalman filters work well at eliminating noise. So if you fly into a horizontal gust, you get a change in ASI, but no appreciable longitudinal acceleration.