https://jalopnik.com/worlds-largest-...rac-1822936055
Billionaires are taking to space the way wistful young men take to the sea in
19th Century novels. Last week, Elon Musk launched his Tesla Roadster at the
astroid belt using the world’s most powerful rocket currently in operation. Not
to be outdone, Microsoft’s co-founder Paul Allen also has a big plan (and a big
plane) for going to space.
In December of last year, the Stratolaunch performed its first taxi at the
Mojave Air & Space Port in Mojave, CA. While that doesn’t seem terribly
exciting, it’s the first step to getting the Stratolaunch, the world’s largest
plane ever (via wingspan) into the air.
At 385 feet, the Stratolaunch’s wing span is larger than a football field. It’s
as tall as a four story building, comes with six turbo engines, uses 28-wheel
landing gear, and is designed to carry a 500,000 lbs. payload 35,000 feet into
the stratosphere. What’s the point of launching a rocket from all the way up
there, you ask? Time of another thrilling physics lesson.
While figuring out why the Falcon Heavy rocket’s acceleration rate is slower
than a Bugatti Chiron’s, we turned to the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. This is
what rocket scientists use to figure out how much fuel is needed to get a
payload into orbit. It takes a lot of work to get a payload off of the ground,
and often adding more fuel, means more weight, which means adding more fuel.
But there’s another factor that has to be brought into account, says Jalopnik’s
physics expert Dr. Stephen Granade:
“It’s hard to make a rocket engine that works well both near the Earth, where
the air pressure is high, and as it reaches orbit, where the air pressure drops
to nearly nothing,” Granade said via email. “Worse, rockets have to carry their
own oxidizer to burn their fuel, because once they reach high altitudes, there’s
not enough oxygen to burn fuel by itself. But at low altitudes, that oxidizer
isn’t needed, so the rocket is carrying extra weight it doesn’t need.”
The Stratolaunch can effectively be considered a reusable first stage for space
flight. That’s much like the Falcon-9 rockets Musk uses, only the Stratolaunch
is a plane, is piloted by people, not computers, and uses a landing strip rather
than shooting straight at the sky and land on landing pads. Using a plane that
uses air-breathing engines, optimized for lower altitudes, allows rocket
designers to optimize the rocket engine for higher altitudes and lets you launch
more mass into orbit for less fuel.
It’s also safer. SpaceX has lost multiple Falcon-9s, and the rockets are still
not perfect. Planes, in general, have a better record of returning safely, which
also helps cut down costs. It also makes it possible for the Stratolaunch to
carry multiple payloads to multiple orbits and inclinations in a single mission.
Initially Stratolaunch will only carry one Pegasus XL rocket, but some day will
be able to lift three of those puppies at once, where they will then launch into
low-Earth orbit.
At least, in theory anyway. The Stratolaunch is still busy doing on-the-ground
tests and checks before making its maiden voyage. The Stratolaunch team are
aiming for sometime in 2019 to get this bird to fly.
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