http://www.acpropulsion.com/products-drivesystem.html

Drive Systems
Since 1992, AC Propulsion has been a leader in development of drive systems
which lead the industry in power density and efficiency. Products ranging from
80kW to over 200kW (268 hp) motor output have been built for spirited driving
while maximizing vehicle range. Our custom designed induction motors feature
high efficiency over a broad operating range, thus achieving drive cycle
efficiency comparable to the best PM machines. Smooth and comprehensive energy
recovery is provided through traction-controlled regenerative braking. ACP
technology includes drive systems that feature an Integrated "Reductive"
Charger that delivers up to 18kW of charge power for reduced charger cost,
reduced weight and reduced charge time.

AC Propulsion designs and engineers drives systems for OEM vehicle companies.
Our latest generation is designed to meet the stringent demands of customers
for performance, reliability, environmental ruggedness and cost. Our sister
company, eMotor Advance, located in Beijing, China, is prepared to provide
serial production units to customers worldwide.
drive system engine overview
Dynamometer Testing Gen 2 Motor

Gen 4 Motor with Integrated Inverter

Motor with Top Mount Integrated Inverter

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http://machinedesign.com/news/solar-...-days-straight

Solar-powered UAV flies two days straight
An electric-motor driven UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) recently completed a
48-hr nonstop test flight using only solar energy.
Aug 18, 2005 Machine Design Staff | Machine Design
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The SoLong unmanned aerial vehicle from AC Propulsion recently flew over 48 hr
nonstop fueled only by solar energy. The plane sports a wingspan of 4.75 m and
weighs 12.6 kg.
The SoLong unmanned aerial vehicle from AC Propulsion recently flew over 48 hr
nonstop fueled only by solar energy. The plane sports a wingspan of 4.75 m and
weighs 12.6 kg.

The two-day test demonstrated the feasibility of sustainable flight using
solar-electric power.

The test flight of the SoLong solar-powered aircraft by AC Propulsion Inc., San
Dimas, Calif., was more a test of endurance for its seven ground-based pilots
than the craft. The fatigued team, lead by AC Propulsion's chief engineer and
SoLong's designer Alan Cocconi, brought the flight to a successful touchdown 48
hr and 11 min after takeoff. The 48-hr mark was mere formality as SoLong could
stay flying indefinitely.

Power from 76 SunPower Corp. (Sunnyvale, Calif.) solar cells supply the plane's
energy. Power distribution among the onboard systems is controlled by
management software developed by Cocconi. During daylight flight the nominal
225-W solar array powers all systems and recharges 120 Li-ion cells from Sanyo
Corp. The Li-ion cells fulfill the craft's energy demand at night. Propulsion
comes from a high-efficiency electric motor driven by a split-phase power
controller developed by AC Propulsion. A variable-pitch propeller fine-tunes
thrust for different rpm and power settings using a load cell for in-flight
thrust measurements.

An earlier 24-hr test flight showed the original battery reserve couldn't keep
the craft airborne. "We split the first test flight's night in two, flying
midnight to midnight," said Cocconi. "We were getting enough solar energy
during the day but we didn't have quite enough battery to take us through the
night." The Sanyo cells pack 220 W-hr/kg and have a charge-discharge efficiency
of over 95%. "That made the difference," Cocconi stated, allowing the SoLong to
pass the 48-hr mark.

Twelve PIC18 microcontrollers from Microchip Technology Inc., Chandler, Ariz.,
control and monitor all vehicle systems. Systems under control of the PICs
include the autopilot, motor drive, power tracker, six servomotors, the battery
monitor, and a tracking downlink antenna. For example, the autopilot controller
decodes 13 PWM control signals from the uplink receiver, inputs serial data
from the GPS module, and monitors 23 analog sensor channels.

Data from all systems and a live video feed from the "cockpit" telemeter to the
pilots on the ground. Two servo positioners driven by another PIC18
microcontroller keep the telemetry-link antenna pointed towards the same ground
position. The PIC18 computes servosettings using signals from the plane's
autopilot and GPS.

Efficiency is the key to SoLong's success. Even so, the energy budget required
riding thermals with the motor off as much as possible during the day. The
variable-pitch propeller folds flat against the fuselage during motor-off
flight to minimize drag. SoLong pilots must always try to bank energy, either
in the form of stored solar-electric power or aircraft altitude. Pilots draw
against either to keep the plane in the air when conditions turn sour.

MAKE CONTACT:
AC Propulsion Inc., (909) 592-5399, acpropulsion.com
Microchip Technology Inc., (480) 792-7200, microchip.com
Sanyo Corp., (619) 661-4888, sanyo.com
SunPower Corp., (408) 991-0900, sunpowercorp.com
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http://aviationweek.com/awin/solong-...ys-aloft-48-hr

SoLong Solar-Powered Drone Stays Aloft for 48 Hr.
SoLong airplane, with lithium-ion batteries to store energy, flies through two
nights on solar power. Better batteries are soon to come.
Jun 27, 2005 MICHAEL A. DORNHEIM | Aviation Week & Space Technology

People have long dreamed of perpetual flight, and the tipping point was reached
earlier this month when a solar-powered drone stayed aloft for 48 hr. It showed
that enough energy could be stored during the day to fly the aircraft at night,
for at least several days. All that's needed are small, near-term improvements
in technology to tip this feat into flights lasting reliably for months. One
application, albeit much harder, would be as a radio tower in the sky, giving
line-of-sight ...

THIS CONTENT REQUIRES SUBSCRIPTION ACCESS

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https://xpda.com/junkmail/junk173/AC...2005-06-05.pdf

AC Propulsion’s Solar Electric Powered SoLong UAV
June 5, 2005
Alan Cocconi with SoLong at El Mirage Dry Lake in California

Steve Neu
SoLong landing at the end of its 48 hour flight at Desert Center
441 Borrego Court San Dimas, CA 91773 909 592 5399 www.acpropulsion.com
AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
Background
AC Propulsion is a small R&D and manufacturing company specializing in high
performance electric drives and vehicles. Since 1991 most of the projects have
been automotive, and AC Propulsion has established itself as an industry leader
in the field of high performance AC drives and integrated battery-charging
systems. The self funded SoLong UAV project builds on this electric propulsion
expertise and has produced a small, inexpensive and rugged UAV that has
demonstrated multi-day solar powered flight on June 1-3, 2005.

Applications
The long endurance electric powered SoLong is a unique platform that can be
adapted to a variety of remote sensing applications. Its moderate size, the
quiet and clean electric propulsion and GPS navigation make it a practical
alternative to other available UAVs.

The airframe and propulsion system can be easily scaled up or down to
accommodate various missions and the R&D effort is continuing towards a fully
autonomous UAV data gathering “appliance” with automated launch and recovery.
AC Propulsion is eager to find partners and or customers for non-military
applications.

SoLong specifications
Wingspan 4.75m
Wing area 1.50 m2
Mass 12.8 kg
Power sources 120 Sanyo 18650 LI-Ion cells and 76 Sunpower A300 solar
cells
Solar panel nom. power 225 W
Battery mass 5.6 kg
Max motor power 800W
Min electrical power for level flight 95W
Stored energy 1200Wh
Speed range 27 to 50 mph
Max. climb rate 2.5 m/s
Control and telemetry range 8,000 m
2
AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
SoLong takes off from a simple wheeled dolly, lands on its belly skid
Avionics (above) and propulsion battery (below) fit within 15 cm diameter
fuselage.
Propeller folds during non-powered flight
3
AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
Construction
Fuselage Kevlar epoxy monocoque with carbon boom.
Wings Carbon, Kevlar and glass epoxy composite sandwich with molded in place
solar cells
using CNC machined aluminum molds.
Propeller Molded carbon epoxy with an in-flight adjustable pitch hub and a load
cell for inflight
thrust measurement.
225 W solar array is molded into the wing surface
CNC-machined wing molds provide accurate profile
For construction of wing and bonding of solar cells
4
AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005

Avionics
2.4 GHz video and data downlink with 23 channels of telemetry plus GPS nav.
data (position, velocity, waypoints etc.)

AC Propulsion developed autopilot with differential pressure for wing leveling,
3 axis gyros, accelerometers, and barometric pressure for stability
augmentation and pitot pressure for airspeed hold.

Ublox OEM GPS module for position information

Microchip 8 bit processor running assembly language code for all control and
navigation processing.

High efficiency AC Propulsion developed digital amplifiers for the 6 control
surface servos

Propulsion
AC Propulsion 9 phase motor drive with 88% minimum DC to motor shaft efficiency
over the 60 to 800W range.

Kontronik Tango 45-06 3 phase brushless ironless motor with 4.2:1 planetary
gear reduction turning a 23 inch folding, variable pitch propeller.

30 volt Li-Ion battery pack of 120 Sanyo 18650 cells 76 Sunpower A300 solar
cells.

AC Propulsion 300W 4 phase peak power tracker weighing 100g and operating at
98% efficiency.
5

AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
Ground Station
A 5ft by 8ft utility trailer with GPS aimed tracking downlink antenna and 3
computer screens display live video feed and flight instruments, GPS waypoints
and altitude coded flight path overlaid on a moving topo map or satellite
imagery, and the third is multi function backup. The UAV flight and navigation
is controlled using a modified RC model transmitter. The flight and
landing is controlled from inside the trailer.

Navigation waypoints can be downloaded before flight or set and moved while
airborne.

Telemetry allows display and monitoring of solar power capture, energy use,
battery state of charge and real-time propulsion efficiency.
Ground station trailer with 2 axis tracking antenna
6

AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
Flight screen with live video feed, instrumentation and telemetry
Navigation screen displays waypoints and flight path.
Trace color indicates rate of climb.
7
AC Propulsion SoLong UAV June 5, 2005
Flight Tests
The present prototype has had over 60 flights and 250 hours since July 2004 and
is the latest of a series of UAVs designed and flown since 1983 by Alan
Cocconi, chairman of AC Propulsion.

The SoLong has been operated safely in winds of up to 30 mph and has been flown
for many hours at night and has landed in full darkness with only runway marker
lights.

SoLong flew continuously for 48 hours and 11 minutes on June 1-3, 2005,
demonstrating sustainable solar electric flight.
48 hour flight pilots.

From left to right:, David Fee, Jerry Bridgeman, Alan Cocconi, Chuck Grim,
“RCDave”
Freund and Steve Neu
Contact Information
AC Propulsion
441 Borrego Ct
San Dimas CA
91773
Tel: (909) 592 5399
Email:
Website: acpropulsion.com
8
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http://www.alternative-energy-news.i...lane-concepts/

THE 10 BEST SOLAR AIRPLANE CONCEPTS

Posted in Solar Power | Transportation

Solar Airplane Concepts Recently we posted an article announcing the production
of a portable solar charger for airplane avionics. At the end of that article
we asked if you thought airplanes could one day be powered by solar. Since then
we discovered a whole slew of existing solar airplane concepts and projects
that we thought we’d share with you. Click through the following links to visit
the related websites. At the bottom of this article you’ll find another
opportunity to vote your opinion and leave your comments about the feasibility
of solar powered flight.

Helios The Helios Prototype solar-electric flying wing was one of several
remotely piloted aircraft, also known as uninhabited aerial vehicles or UAVs,
that were developed as technology demonstrators under the now-concluded
Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project. Prior to
its loss in an in-flight mishap in June 2003, the Helios Prototype set a world
altitude record for propeller-driven aircraft of almost 97,000 feet.

Pathfinder Pathfinder was first developed for a now-cancelled classified
government program in the early 1980’s to develop a high-altitude,
long-endurance aircraft for surveillance purposes. Known as the HALSOL (for
High-Altitude SOLar) aircraft, its eight electric motors — later reduced to six
— were first powered by batteries. After that project was cancelled, the
aircraft was placed in storage for 10 years before being resurrected for a
brief program under the auspices of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
(BMDO) in 1993. With the addition of small solar arrays, five low-altitude
checkout flights were flown under the BMDO program at NASA Dryden in the fall
of 1993 and early 1994 on a combination of solar and battery power.

Centurion The Centurion is a lightweight, solar-powered, remotely piloted
flying wing aircraft that is demonstrating the technology of applying solar
power for long-duration, high-altitude flight. It is considered to be a
prototype technology demonstrator for a future fleet of solar-powered aircraft
that could stay airborne for weeks or months on scientific sampling and imaging
missions or while serving as telecommunications relay platforms. Although it
shares many of the design concepts of the Pathfinder, the Centurion has a
wingspan of 206 feet, more than twice the 98-foot span of the original
Pathfinder and 70-percent longer than the Pathfinder-Plus’ 121-foot span.

Hy-Bird The “Hy-Bird” project plans to fly around the world with a 100% clean
electric airplane powered only by renewable energies: solar energy and
hydrogen. The goal is to design an airplane, which will use only renewable
energies with no greenhouse gas emission, and, to decrease dramatically noise
pollution, which airplanes do normally engender.Indeed, photovoltaic cells
affixed on the wing and on the horizontal tail will supply sufficient energy
for the take off and for on-board power supply. Besides, a fuel cell will fuel
the aircraft for cruise flight. An electric engine (more silent than heat
engines) will propel Hy-Bird. Inhabitat Article

Solar Impulse After four years of research, studies, calculations and
simulations, the Solar Impulse project has entered a concrete phase with the
construction of an initial prototype with a 61-metre wingspan, referred to by
its registration number “HB-SIA”. Its mission is to verify the working
hypotheses in practice and to validate the selected construction technologies
and procedures. If the results are conclusive, it could make a 36-hour flight –
the equivalent of a complete day-night-day cycle – in 2009 without any fuel.
EcoGeek Article

Solar Challenger Eric Raymond’s dream of a solar powered airplane began in
1979, when Larry Mauro demonstrated his solar powered ultralight glider, named
SOLAR RISER. Eric began construction of his design in late 1986. Progress was
slow until 1988, when support was found in Japan. With the help of Sanyo and
several other corporations the SUNSEEKER was test flown at the end on 1989 as a
glider. The motor and prop mechanism were not satisfactory, so an A.C.
brushless motor and a folding prop were installed. After many long test
flights, a series of flights were initiated across the country. During August
of 1990, The SUNSEEKER crossed the country in 21 flights, with 121 hours in the
air.

Sky Sailor The Sky-Sailor would be carried to Mars in a small aeroshell that
would be attached to a carrier spacecraft. Upon reaching the red planet, the
aeroshell would be released for direct entry into the Martian atmosphere. From
this point, the operations could be decomposed in different phases. It can
cover a distance of ~1700 km during a 12-hour period. This allows the airplane
to reach many different areas of interest. The exploration mission will end
when the airplane crashes normally due to the batteries life cycle and dust
deposition on solar panels.

Solong Solar UAV The SoLong is an electric-powered UAV (unmanned aerial
vehicle) that collects solar energy from photo-voltaic arrays laminated into
its wings. It uses energy so efficiently that it can fly all night on energy it
gathers from the sun during the day. Remaining aloft for two nights is the
milestone for sustainable flight. One night is possible just by discharging the
batteries, but two or more nights means that the plane has to fully recoup and
store the energy used at night while flying in the sunlight the following day.
Once that is achieved, the cycle can repeat continually, and keep the plane
airborne indefinitely.

Solar Powered Plane Called the Zephyr, it’s an aircraft that can fly
continuously using nothing but solar power and “low drag aerodynamics”. The
combination of solar panels on the upper wing surface and rechargeable
batteries allows Zephyr to be flown for many weeks and even months. The first
flight trial of the Zephyr were conducted recently by QinetiQ in White Sands
Missile Range, New Mexico. Two aircraft were flown for four and a half and six
hours respectively, the maximum flight times permitted under range
restrictions.

Venus Explorer Concept A Venus exploration aircraft, sized to fit in a small
aeroshell for a “Discovery” class scientific mission, has been designed and
analyzed at the NASA Glenn Research Center. For an exploratory aircraft to
remain continually illuminated by sunlight, it would have to be capable of
sustained flight at or above the wind speed, about 95 m/sec at the cloud-top
level. The analysis concluded that, at typical flight altitudes above the cloud
layer (65 to 75 km above the surface), a small aircraft powered by solar energy
could fly continuously in the atmosphere of Venus. At this altitude, the
atmospheric pressure is similar to pressure at terrestrial flight altitudes.



On Sun, 25 Sep 2016 07:54:42 -0700 (PDT), wrote:

HELLO SIR|GE i saw ur plane it seems to be very nice implementation but whether ur plane motor(800watt) produced enough thrust to encounter 12 kg weight.i hope best reply from u.