20+ years ago I knew one of the early developers of TCAS. She told me
about some of the attempts at conflict resolution. For example, they
started off with a rule that said if two planes were heading directly at
each other, "pass with the other plane on the right". Fortunately,
they did simulations: the result is the colliding planes form a
decreasing-radius spiral about each other, always with the other plane
on the right.


TCAS II will only give a climb or descend command along with the rate
( shown as a line on the ROC) needed. If both have Mode S (required
if you have TCAS) then the two transponders will talk to each other
and figure out who will climb and who will descend and command the
crew to do it. If one is Mode C then the software decides if a climb
or decent would be appropriate.

TCAS I gives advisories only.

http://www.rannoch.com/tcasf.html
http://www.aerowinx.de/html/tcas.html

Some info


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