Delivery of Raptor delayed

"Denyav" wrote in message
...
'Reduced RCS' rather than stealth. (Of course, emitting is still a
problem for the F-22 if it wants to stay unobtrusive)


Well,if you start experimenting with the definitions you must also mention
two
more of them:

1)Monostatic (backscatterer) RCS.
This is what you are referrring to and this could be reduced very
significantly
by hard body shaping.
Both B2 and F22 (at least as far as frontal threat zone concerned) have
identical and excellent backscaterer RCS values.
There is no way that any conventional bacscatterer radar that positioned
inside of their forward thread zone could possibly detect these two
planes
before its too late.

2)Bi-Static (forwardscatterer) RCS
Totaly different story here,as Germans and Brits discovered 60 years
ago,hard
body shaping significantly reduces the backscatterer,but NOT
forwardscatererers.
On contrary,agressive use of hard body shaping in order to reduce
backscaterers
to absulutely lowest levels actualy increases forwardscaterers.

Thats the reason why the planes with insect size monostatic RCS,B2 and
F22,have
B-52 size Bi-static RCS,which makes them very vulnerable to the detection
using
low power commercial and military emitters.


Newbie Alert
(My knowledge of radars is very limited cos my course covered them in
3hours!)

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and materials, is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome? After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other way? Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

"Ian" wrote in message
...

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and materials, is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome? After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other way?
Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

A return is a reflection, since the radome is transparent to
radar you get no reflection and hence no return.

Keith

In message , Scott Ferrin
writes
On Mon, 19 Jul 2004 22:16:47 +0100, "Paul J. Adam"
wrote:
How are you getting the firing solution? Radar? Put out many megawatts
of coherent microwaves and hope that a notional "low probability of
intercept" radar is actually a "zero PoI", because Typhoon has a rather
good RHAWS of its own?

This brings up something I've been wondering. I don't know if this is
urban legend or what. Supposedly workstations dealing with classified
materials have to have the monitors shielded so signals can't be
picked up out the back? I

No more so than ordinary monitors. There are rules about how close they
can be sited to unclassified machines (no less than a metre, or
thereabouts) but that's to make it difficult to siphon off data with a
null modem cable. (And typically, where you have classified and
unclassified networks in the same office, you'll have one network's
wiring run in the ceiling and another along the floor)

TEMPEST-shielding monitors isn't done: what *is* typical, is putting the
fence far enough out that eavesdropping on screen content isn't
feasible, and having security move any suspicious vehicles along in good
time.

'm wondering, when it comes to your typical
fighter if these same signals are shielded. It seems to me there
would be other sources of electrical "noise" than just an actively
transmitting radar or radio.

You need to put out enough power, coherent enough, to be detectable at
distance. I'm sure even the F-22 puts out an interesting collection of
low-level EM radiation, but by the time you could detect it you could
*see* it.

Where's the Raptor getting *its* targeting data from?

From it's LPI radar. In that scenario though it really comes down to
can the Meteor or AMRAAM track an F-22.

Good question, and not one with an unclassified answer

From the theory, the answer is "yes, eventually, but how close does it
have to be?"

The Typhoon can stare at the
sucker all day long but if it can't guide a weapon to it without firng
up the radar. . .

No need to light up the radar, PIRATE's good enough to let you heave a
missile at the target. But is it good enough for the missile to be able
to acquire, track and home? Good question.

The speed gives you a lot more options though. There were many times
in Desert Storm when they saw aircraft running for Iran but couldn't
get fighters there fast enough because either A) The couldn't get the
speed with their external tanks or B) the didn't have the range if
they punched off the tanks.

That's a pretty narrow set of circumstances, and it's worth noting that
the aircraft were running away and not coming back. Even if none had
been intercepted, they were still all losses to Iraq.

Not for holding station on BARCAP - you're covering a location, who
cares how quickly you go around the racetrack while you're waiting

But you can cover a bigger area with the same reaction time.

Depends how supercruise compares to simple light-burners-and-dash in
terms of fuel consumption, time taken and ground covered, and what
sensor coverage is, and other issues...

Not really for interception - you're not worried about loiter, you're
wanting to get to the Bad Guys ASAP.

Yeah top speed is important but unless you have the tankers flying
around to refuel you you aren't going to get very far without external
tanks which drags your speed down. I doubt the numbers are public but
it would be interesting to see the numbers for a simulated 400 mile
intercept flown by an F-22, Eurofighter, F-15, and Mig-31.

What's cuing the intercept at that range?

They have
to fly out, deal with the target, and fly back to base with no
tankers. Who gets there first and who makes it back to base? The
enemy could have stand off weapons so the further out you intercept
the better. It would be interesting to see the results. My money
would be on the Mig.

Don't know the numbers, but it's a Soviet sort of question (honking big
GCI nets backed by large interceptors) and the MiG-31 is a good answer
to it.

I'm sure there *is* a current tactical advantage to supercruise, but
it's not immediately obvious against the current threat. (As opposed to
the original problem)

Last time I checked there are still Su-27s and Mig-31s flying. Come
to think of it there are probably more countries flying Flankers these
days then those generals back in the 80's might have imagined in their
worst nightmares.

True, but how many of those are serviceable and how many hours a year of
realistic training do the pilots get?

Or are you saying that since Russia never built the
1.42 or Berkut that we should stick with the thirty year old F-15?

No, you're stuck with the F-22 (whose main drawbacks are its cost and
the reverence in which it's held, hardly catastrophic) as your
next-generation fighter.

The idea is to be *better* than the other guy not wait until he can
kick your ass before you try to achieve parity.

True - it's just that the end of the Cold War means that the threat the
F-22 was intended to address, has not materialised. (Hence, among other
things, its reinvention as the 'F/A-22' - is that still being pushed?)

It does have serious potential for tactical recce, mind you. Fast, long
range, low observable, highly survivable: stick an imagery package in
the weapons bay and you've got the RF-22 PhotoRaptor.

The F-22 is a fantastic aircraft and without a doubt the best air-to-air
platform that anyone's likely to see for some while. It's even better
than the Eurofighter Typhoon (yes, I admit it), though there's a valid
argument about the cost-versus-capability tradeoff if the two faced off
(shades of P-51 Mustangs versus Me-262s... the jet was clearly
individually superior, but was outnumbered too badly by a 'good enough'
opponent to prevail).

I don't know. It's pretty tough to over rate stealth. If those were
stealthy Me-262s. . .well back in those days I suppose "invisible"
would have been more appropriate. . . how well would P-51s have
faired?

Depends "how invisible". The tactic of simply mobbing their airfields
and ambushing them in the pattern would still be effective even if they
were hard to see.

The trouble is, it's perhaps *too* fantastic: it dates back to when the
assorted fUSSR fantasy-uberfighters were considered real threats.

Actually the ATF came about because the Flankers and Fulcrums were
seen as such a threat.

True, but the Eurofighter, Rafale and Gripen were designed against the
same threat and manage to overmatch it at lower cost.

There's much less of a credible air threat now, than there was when both
Raptor and Typhoon started life.

I would say different not less. How many countries have S-300s?

That's a nasty beast, but not a driver on your fighter procurement
program (how much of your Air Force will still be non-stealthy? Will the
enemy AD crews resemble Iraqis, or Serbs?)

How
many have Flankers? And just because it may *appear* to be less now
doesn't mean it will remain that way. The F-22 is intended to be
viable for the next thirty or more years.

As are its contemporaries.

It keeps coming back to the problem
that, unless you expect them to fight each other, they both thoroughly
overmatch the likely enemy, and one's about twice the cost of the other.

I don't know. How well would a Typhoon do against Su-37s armed with
KS-172s?

Pretty well, would be the short answer .

--
He thinks too much: such men are dangerous.
Julius Caesar I:2

Paul J. Adam MainBoxatjrwlynch[dot]demon{dot}co(.)uk

You need to put out enough power, coherent enough, to be detectable at
distance. I'm sure even the F-22 puts out an interesting collection of
low-level EM radiation, but by the time you could detect it you could
*see* it.



Makes sense. I suppose if it was detectible from very far you'd have
millions of eletrical motors and millions of lots of other electronic
devices all raising hell with each other.





Where's the Raptor getting *its* targeting data from?

From it's LPI radar. In that scenario though it really comes down to
can the Meteor or AMRAAM track an F-22.

Good question, and not one with an unclassified answer


What's got me scratching my head is why they don't put an IR seeker
for the terminal guidance. While the F-22 is a stealth aircraft I
don't think I'd want to put it to the test with say a Eurofighter and
ASRAAM.






From the theory, the answer is "yes, eventually, but how close does it
have to be?"

The Typhoon can stare at the
sucker all day long but if it can't guide a weapon to it without firng
up the radar. . .

No need to light up the radar, PIRATE's good enough to let you heave a
missile at the target. But is it good enough for the missile to be able
to acquire, track and home? Good question.

The speed gives you a lot more options though. There were many times
in Desert Storm when they saw aircraft running for Iran but couldn't
get fighters there fast enough because either A) The couldn't get the
speed with their external tanks or B) the didn't have the range if
they punched off the tanks.

That's a pretty narrow set of circumstances, and it's worth noting that
the aircraft were running away and not coming back. Even if none had
been intercepted, they were still all losses to Iraq.

Yeah but they weren't suppose to be LOL!





wanting to get to the Bad Guys ASAP.

Yeah top speed is important but unless you have the tankers flying
around to refuel you you aren't going to get very far without external
tanks which drags your speed down. I doubt the numbers are public but
it would be interesting to see the numbers for a simulated 400 mile
intercept flown by an F-22, Eurofighter, F-15, and Mig-31.

What's cuing the intercept at that range?

Could be AWACs, OTHB, forward-based sensors, or even satellites. That
last brings up another question though. The US wants to get space
based radar but can *existing* elint satellites detect things like
fire control radars? It would seem feasible to have a couple (three
or more I guess) elint satellites listening for nothing but fire
control and search radars and forwarding the locations on to the
shooters.




They have
to fly out, deal with the target, and fly back to base with no
tankers. Who gets there first and who makes it back to base? The
enemy could have stand off weapons so the further out you intercept
the better. It would be interesting to see the results. My money
would be on the Mig.

Don't know the numbers, but it's a Soviet sort of question (honking big
GCI nets backed by large interceptors) and the MiG-31 is a good answer
to it.

Or the YF-12 back the sixties sigh





I'm sure there *is* a current tactical advantage to supercruise, but
it's not immediately obvious against the current threat. (As opposed to
the original problem)

Last time I checked there are still Su-27s and Mig-31s flying. Come
to think of it there are probably more countries flying Flankers these
days then those generals back in the 80's might have imagined in their
worst nightmares.

True, but how many of those are serviceable and how many hours a year of
realistic training do the pilots get?


Will it always stay that way? And yeah if Gabon has TWO or some other
rinky-dink country has three or four that's no biggie but when you've
got China with hundreds and counting and working on an F-22 counter
(yeah working on isn't *getting* but a like the saying goes, "a
thousand monkeys with typewriters given enough time. . ." ) and
India's growing numbers of Flankers and their pilots getting MORE
training than the US pilots get. . .well then it's not so cut and dry.
And who's to say what the world stage will be like in twenty or thirty
years? Hell less time then that ago we were selling Tomcats with
Phoenix missiles to Iran. And who knows where Russia will fall?
Right now they seem to be neutral and while China is trying to cozy up
to them I think if it came down to it they'd choose the devil they
know (the US) over the one they don't (China). My point being that
right now in history there are too many unknowns and in some scenarios
you'd DEFINITELY want to have the best you can build. If the next
thirty or forty years were for sure going to be like the last ten then
sure, you could scrap the F-22 and life would be fine. It's those
unknowns that are the flys in the ointment.



Or are you saying that since Russia never built the
1.42 or Berkut that we should stick with the thirty year old F-15?

No, you're stuck with the F-22 (whose main drawbacks are its cost and
the reverence in which it's held, hardly catastrophic) as your
next-generation fighter.



Stuck is right. As of a few weeks ago there were 74 F-22s built or
under contract. The R&D is spent and there's no getting it back. The
tooling, facilities etc. are in place. Despite what some would have
the world believe the USAF doesn't pay X amount + an R&D percentage
for each new Raptor. So say Kerry gets voted in and cancels the F-22
to prove he can win a ****ing contest, what then? The USAF adopts the
F-35 as it's premier fighter? A single-engine jet that can't even
break Mach 2? Does anybody really see the USAF accepting this? And
if they funded a NEW aircraft where would they cut corners to make it
cheaper? Get rid of stealth? Not likely. Supercruise? Maybe. So
you'd end up with a big twin-engined fighter with maybe just frontal
aspect stealth and "reduced RCS" everywhere else like the F-35 and
maybe F135s instead of F119s (they're cheaper supposedly). How much
would IT cost to develope and how many years? In the end would the
cost of that scenario really be any cheaper than just continuing to
buy F-22s? Even if you stopped F-22 production at 74 you still need
to keep the system in place to support what there is so you're not
going to save money there. If the USAF was *forced* to accept the
F-35 as it's premier fighter history suggests that in the end they'll
end up with what they *really* want even if they have to wait for a
new administration to get it. What would really be a laugher though
is if they really are dragging that F-23 out of the museum and at some
point someone says "well we don't need them BOTH and that F-22 is up
to $260 million a piece- I'm sure we could bring that F-23 in cheaper.
.. ." Funny not because I think they could do it but funny that
inevitably there will be somebody who thinks they CAN.



The idea is to be *better* than the other guy not wait until he can
kick your ass before you try to achieve parity.

True - it's just that the end of the Cold War means that the threat the
F-22 was intended to address, has not materialised. (Hence, among other
things, its reinvention as the 'F/A-22' - is that still being pushed?)

I don't know. ISTR seeing a photo of an F-22 with SDB in one of it's
bays. The latest I've heard is the various incarnations of a strike
F-22. Everything from a basic stetched F-22 with longer main bays to
the full cranked-arrow, tailless job powered by F135s.




It does have serious potential for tactical recce, mind you. Fast, long
range, low observable, highly survivable: stick an imagery package in
the weapons bay and you've got the RF-22 PhotoRaptor.

That would be one expensive tactical recon aircraft :-)




The F-22 is a fantastic aircraft and without a doubt the best air-to-air
platform that anyone's likely to see for some while. It's even better
than the Eurofighter Typhoon (yes, I admit it), though there's a valid
argument about the cost-versus-capability tradeoff if the two faced off
(shades of P-51 Mustangs versus Me-262s... the jet was clearly
individually superior, but was outnumbered too badly by a 'good enough'
opponent to prevail).

I don't know. It's pretty tough to over rate stealth. If those were
stealthy Me-262s. . .well back in those days I suppose "invisible"
would have been more appropriate. . . how well would P-51s have
faired?

Depends "how invisible". The tactic of simply mobbing their airfields
and ambushing them in the pattern would still be effective even if they
were hard to see.

Yeah. I have a tough time imagining F-22 bases getting mobbed by
enemy aircraft though. If in a Taiwan scenario they deployed F-22s to
Taiwan though it could be raining tactical missiles. Dead is dead I
guess.






The trouble is, it's perhaps *too* fantastic: it dates back to when the
assorted fUSSR fantasy-uberfighters were considered real threats.

Actually the ATF came about because the Flankers and Fulcrums were
seen as such a threat.

True, but the Eurofighter, Rafale and Gripen were designed against the
same threat and manage to overmatch it at lower cost.


One on one is a Gripen REALLY a match for a well flown Su-37?






There's much less of a credible air threat now, than there was when both
Raptor and Typhoon started life.

I would say different not less. How many countries have S-300s?

That's a nasty beast, but not a driver on your fighter procurement
program


If the enemy is defending it's airbases with S-300s it does. Without
all-aspect stealth pretty much any area they set up S-300s becomes a
sanctuary for enemy air.





Will the
enemy AD crews resemble Iraqis, or Serbs?)

Hell for all we know they could be Israelis. A lot can happen in 30
years.





How
many have Flankers? And just because it may *appear* to be less now
doesn't mean it will remain that way. The F-22 is intended to be
viable for the next thirty or more years.

As are its contemporaries.

It keeps coming back to the problem
that, unless you expect them to fight each other, they both thoroughly
overmatch the likely enemy, and one's about twice the cost of the other.

I don't know. How well would a Typhoon do against Su-37s armed with
KS-172s?

Pretty well, would be the short answer .

I don't know, that KS-172 outranges even Meteor by a significant
amount.

"Keith Willshaw" wrote in message
...

"Ian" wrote in message
...

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and materials,
is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome? After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other way?
Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

A return is a reflection, since the radome is transparent to
radar you get no reflection and hence no return.

Keith


So what about the equipment within the radome?

"Keith Willshaw" wrote in message
...

"Ian" wrote in message
...

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and materials,
is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome? After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other way?
Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

A return is a reflection, since the radome is transparent to
radar you get no reflection and hence no return.

Keith

So would it be possible to get a return from within the radome, e.g. the
radar RxTx surface itself, or the bulkhead etc...

On Wed, 21 Jul 2004 09:48:46 +0100, "Ian"
wrote:


"Keith Willshaw" wrote in message
...

"Ian" wrote in message
...

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and materials,
is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome? After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other way?
Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

A return is a reflection, since the radome is transparent to
radar you get no reflection and hence no return.

Keith

So would it be possible to get a return from within the radome, e.g. the
radar RxTx surface itself, or the bulkhead etc...


The radome is transparent at certain frequencies from what I've read.

In article , Scott Ferrin
wrote:

On Mon, 19 Jul 2004 22:16:47 +0100, "Paul J. Adam"
wrote:

In message , Scott Ferrin
writes
How are you getting the firing solution? Radar? Put out many megawatts
of coherent microwaves and hope that a notional "low probability of
intercept" radar is actually a "zero PoI", because Typhoon has a rather
good RHAWS of its own?

This brings up something I've been wondering. I don't know if this is
urban legend or what. Supposedly workstations dealing with classified
materials have to have the monitors shielded so signals can't be
picked up out the back? I'm wondering, when it comes to your typical
fighter if these same signals are shielded. It seems to me there
would be other sources of electrical "noise" than just an actively
transmitting radar or radio.


See
MIL-STD-461 Requirements For The Control Of Electromagnetic Interference
Characteristics Of Subsystems And Equipment
MIL-STD-464 Electromagnetic Environmental Effects, Requirements for Systems
EIA/IS-647 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic
Interference Emissions and Susceptibility Characteristics of Equipment
Intended to Operate in Severe Electromagnetic Environments

some of the words we live by.

--
Harry Andreas
Engineering raconteur

"Scott Ferrin" wrote in message
...
On Wed, 21 Jul 2004 09:48:46 +0100, "Ian"
wrote:


"Keith Willshaw" wrote in message
...

"Ian" wrote in message
...

Assuming the F-22 is radar stealthy etc due to its shape and
materials,
is
it possible that you'd get a decent radar return from the radome?
After
all, the aircraft radar goes out through it, so whats to stop (a very
lucky!) ground or other airborne radar getting through it the other
way?
Or
are radomes made of mono directional materials?

A return is a reflection, since the radome is transparent to
radar you get no reflection and hence no return.

Keith

So would it be possible to get a return from within the radome, e.g. the
radar RxTx surface itself, or the bulkhead etc...


The radome is transparent at certain frequencies from what I've read.

Also, timing in the receiver should prevent that as well as variable
gain/distance. STC is what they called it in our old RCA sets.
Amazing how the terms main bang lockout and sensitivity time
control just popped into mind after 30 years. :-)