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#19
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On Oct 13, 9:36 am, "Keith Willshaw" wrote:
The allies had the possibillity to develop technical means but it seems the dehousing and area bombardment policy meant disinterest. Which rather ignores the fact that they DID develop the technical means in the form of Oboe, Gee, H2S, Loran etc while the Germans kept right on area bombing. The Germans had the technical means to blind bomb as well, Sonnenschein a hyperbolic navigation system, Bernhard-Bernhardine (virtually unjammable), EGON and the Oboe like EGON-II as well as "Zyklops" a late war beam riding system. All saw considerable use. EGON was to be replaced by FuG 226 Neuling since EGON was simply a beefed up version of the Luftwaffe's standard IFF and by the end of the war compromised. H2S was mostly useless untill post war 1.5cm versions incorporating more advanced signal processing. Where the allies failed was in the development of an accurate system that works "over the horrison". Such a system used Oboe like contollers in orbiting aircraft but was never pushed: area bombardment was apparently to desirable. For the Germans over the horison blind attacks would have used a missile like the A4b with an postion update to an inertial guidance system a minute before impact when the missile was still not below line of sight. The bulk of Bomber commands night time raids were conducted by H2S at night, irrespective of whether it was the 9cm version or the 3cm version the system had Circular Error probables of 5 miles. Worse than the early V2. Well no , 5 miles was BEFORE the technical aids were developed. 5 miles was what H2X achieved. 9cm H2S was worse. Read the results of the oxford experiment The Oxford experiment showed that H2X bombing: "Forty-two percent of the bombs had fallen more than five miles from this point." http://www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/rad...ing-26720.html The Combat Accuracy of H2X Bombing By the time the Oxford experiment was completed, the momentum of the war was such that the Eighth Air Force sent missions against Germany using Gee-H, Micro- H, or H2X blind bombing equipment, as appropriate and necessary, on every day on which it could fly its airplanes. The last big report prepared by the bombing accuracy subsection covered all bombing from the period September 1 to December 31, 1944; it showed that 58 percent of all Eighth Air Force bombing for this period was done with the aid of H2X, and that 35 percent was through 10/10 cloud cover. Thus, H2X had in fact become the dominant mode of bombing. Furthermore, the report showed that, when the cloud cover was reported as 10/ 10, only 0.2 of one percent of the bombs had fallen within 1,000 feet of the assigned aiming point, and that 42 percent had fallen more than five miles from this point. The 58 percent of the bombs that fell less than five miles from the aiming point were distributed uniformly over a circle of radius five miles [McArthur 1990, pp. 287-298]. When Lt. Col. Scott and I were invited to present the findings of this report at a meeting of the staff officers at the headquarters of the Second Division, Scott asked me to do the talking. It was not an easy assignment to present a report of such poor accuracy, and Scott was glad to hand it over to a civilian. Four generals sat in the front row. I summarized the accuracy figures in the report; they showed that the accuracy of visual bombing had shown a threefold improvement since the beginning of the war, but that H2X bombing had not improved during its use by the Eighth Air Force. When I had finished, two of the generals insisted that the Eighth Air Force had wasted planes, bombs, and men on its campaign of inaccurate blind bombing, but the other two supported the policy because it kept the pressure on the enemy throughout the period. While they argued, Scott and I went home. It was not our business to tell them how to operate the air force SNIP The spectactular accuracies selectively quoted from the USSBS are for ideal conditions. The V2 on the other hand was technically CLOSE to achieving a consistant 1km CEP: 5-7 times more accurate than H2S/H2X in darkness and 100% cloud cover, creating 25-49 times less collateral damage area. It actually achieved 12 km The dispersion in systematic test shots was 4.5km using inertial boost phase only guidance. If the Viktoria-Hawaii beam system was used the cross range dispersion was halved; one could the CEP went from a 4.5km radious circle to a 4.5km long and 2.25km wide ellipse. (though in reality the CEP was already elliptical) The effect of the double cross system (fales impact feedback) degraded this by 12km. However if the effect of the double cross system was excluded the CEP was 6km. The difference between practice and reality likely amounts to manufacturing variation control in early missiles. The CEP of H2X in daylight USAAF usage under cloud cover was 5 miles (8km) Worse The standard way of measuring V2 impacts was with an Ar 234 with sideways motion picture cameras synchronised to the impact or simply post stricke 'carter analyssis' An radar and optical based system based on the V2 telemetry system was being worked upon. Jet flights over Britain were banned, in order to protect the secret of the Jumo engines (obviously pointless given autonomous British advances in this area) The V-2 was intended to cause collateral damage, its aiming point was the city centre, the German government boasted that it was intended to cause terror. So was the earlier 'dehousing' and 'area bombardment' campaign intended to inflect terror which had been promoted to Churchill by pathalogical racial hater of Germans, the Jew (Lord Cherwell) Frederick Lindemann. Analysis of Luftwaffe bombing of British towns subsequently showed that Lindemann;s 'demoralisation' simply wasn't there. The V2 was put in production about 9 months before von Brauns team could sort out the the guidance issues. A full system would have used either the SG-66 (productionised as the SG-70 stablised inertial guidance platform instead of the LEV-3 or a beam riding system capable of 0.05 degree accurcy for a re-entry accuracy of better than 500m. If more accuracy was needed the winged version of the A4b could be guided to impact or if it was over the horizon guided to within minutes of impact. The V1 was also getting a midcourse 'course corrector' guidance system that worked by trilateration of a single pulse. |
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