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#11
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7. What is "density altitude", and how to compute it?
The best I've found about calculating it is he http://wahiduddin.net/calc/density_altitude.htm The author's main interests seem to be "spiritual life" and "density altitude". Haven't read the "spiritual life" part, but the "density altitude" part is profound. Tobias |
#12
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Couldn't have said it better Dudley...
My personal opinion is "he" likes the attention from the newsgroup vets rather than the information from those trying to help. Most questions are easily answered on his own computer and using a search engine. BTW Dudley, I have been flying for over 22 years now with over 1800 hours, I still have many things to learn. I have learned from you and the others in this newsgroup. Thank You for your contribution.... Terry N6401F + Flightstar Ultralight "Dudley Henriques" wrote in message nk.net... "Ramapriya" wrote in message ups.com... I have a question for you, after watching these endless series of questions, and it's not meant to be hostile in any way; just curious. snipped Don't you think it's time you did some learning on your own? No offense meant, and for those who wish to deal with you on a daily basis, I have no problem at all. I just won't offer my assistance to you for the reasons I've given. Best of luck Dudley Henriques International Fighter Pilots Fellowship Commercial Pilot/CFI Retired for email; take out the trash |
#13
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"Terry" wrote in message k.net... Couldn't have said it better Dudley... My personal opinion is "he" likes the attention from the newsgroup vets rather than the information from those trying to help. Most questions are easily answered on his own computer and using a search engine. BTW Dudley, I have been flying for over 22 years now with over 1800 hours, I still have many things to learn. I have learned from you and the others in this newsgroup. Thank You for your contribution.... Terry N6401F + Flightstar Ultralight Thank you. I've always told instructors I've trained that the two best learning tools in aviation are the airplane and the student in that order. Each one will teach you something every second you're exposed to them if you're receptive to continuous learning. I'm still learning after fifty years in aviation :-) Dudley |
#14
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Ramapriya wrote: 1. How does a pilot get to know the distance to the airport that he has to land in, so that he plans his descent accordingly, in planes that don't have an onboard computer? If the aircraft has no electronic means of determining position, the pilot uses "pilotage" to keep track of his location. Basically, the pilot notes things on the chart close to his course that can be seen from the air; these are called "waypoints". Once in the air, the speed over the ground can be determined by timing how long it takes to fly between two of these waypoints. The pilot can then figure out the point at which he wants to start the descent and how long it will take to reach that point from the closest waypoint to it. Pass over that waypoint and start your descent at the appropriate time. 2. What exactly is a VOR? Sounds like it's a constant all-direction radio transmission from a fixed point on the airport to help locate where the airstrip is. Pretty much, except that VORs aren't always (or even usually) located at airports. The transmitter broadcasts a signal that is modulated in such a way that the receiver can tell in what direction the transmitter lies. The pilot can then twist a dial to center a needle on an instrument called a "course deviation indicator" and read off the direction. 3. If a pilot needs to land at an airport that doesn't have a control tower, how does he figure its elevation so that he may plan his descent? The elevation is recorded on charts and in airport directories. 4. When a pilot says, "Give me a vector", what does he actually mean? He's asking someone to tell him what heading to fly. 5. When pilots use miles in conversations, does it mean the miles we normally use, or is it always nautical miles? In conversation with ATC, we use nautical miles. 6. The difference between airspeed and groundspeed is that airspeed is the net of the plane's speed and opposing windspeed, while groundspeed is just the plane's speed. Right? Airspeed is the speed the aircraft is traveling through the air. Groundspeed is the speed the aircraft is traveling over the ground. The speedometer in an aircraft measures airspeed (with varying degrees of accuracy). This is called "indicated airspeed". Pilots can correct this for inaccuracies to determine the actual (or "true") airspeed. Let's say that I'm flying into a 20 knot wind and my airspeed indicator shows I'm going 100 knots and it's accurate. My groundspeed will be 80 knots. If I then turn around and go the other way, my groundspeed will be 120 knots, but my airspeed will not change. 7. What is "density altitude", and how to compute it? If I'm not wrong, its use is to plan the length of takeoff roll and angle of climb. It's a measure of air density and, yes, we use it to calculate the effects of atmosperic conditions on the performance of the plane. Low pressure, high temperature, and high humidity all reduce air density and reduce performance. An airport may be at 90' ASL, but the plane performs as if the airport were at 3,000' ASL if the density altitude is 3,000' (as it may be in high summer). Usually charts or calculators are used to determine density altitude. I get the current figures as part of weather briefings. First, set the altimeter to 29.92 Hg and read the altitude. This is called the "pressure altitude" and will frequently be different from the actual elevation of the airport. Then I would use a graph from my pilot's manual to determine the density altitude for that pressure altitude and the current temperature. It's 7 degrees C at the moment and I am close to sea level. From my graph, that temperature at that level reduces density altitude by about 800', so an aircraft will perform better than usual. If the temperature were 30 degrees C, the density altitude at sea level would be about 2,000' when the air pressure is 29.92 Hg. George Patterson The desire for safety stands against every great and noble enterprise. |
#15
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Ramapriya wrote: Is it because I'm unknowingly using terms that are nonstandard, being not a mainstream aviator? Not in this post, at least. George Patterson The desire for safety stands against every great and noble enterprise. |
#16
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"Ramapriya" wrote in message
ups.com... I haven't failed to notice that some of my threads have generated confusion among contributors, with folks disagreeing with each other, etc. Is it because I'm unknowingly using terms that are nonstandard, being not a mainstream aviator? No, not always. Most recently anyway, it's simply due to incorrect answers being given initially (and then subsequently as well). To reiterate a previous reply: you are asking these questions on Usenet. Not everyone answering is necessarily qualified to answer. Regardless of the outcome, you should be VERY wary of believing without question answers you receive here. I agree that in general, when a correction doesn't degenerate into a long debate, probably the correction was correct (and the original answer incorrect, of course). But even that's not 100% reliable. If you want to know the absolutely most accurate answers to your questions, you need to do the work to study the material yourself. If you get a kick out of the immediacy of the Internet and dozens of people stumbling over themselves to be the first to respond to your pop quizzes, and don't mind not knowing whether an answer you receive is actually correct, then right here on Usenet is the place to be. Pete |
#17
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#18
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Man.. just sign up for and take a ground school..
Ground school by Newsgroup or Usenet is getting old.. BT "Ramapriya" wrote in message oups.com... I wish you all a very cheery 2005. You really are a nice set of guys here (those branding me a terrorist notwithstanding), mostly patient even at clarifying elementary stuff Some more Qs, if you don't mind. 1. How does a pilot get to know the distance to the airport that he has to land in, so that he plans his descent accordingly, in planes that don't have an onboard computer? Maps I know would give the distance between two fixed points, but how does he keep track of distance covered in flight and that sort of thing? To inquire ground stations such info would be embarrassing, I guess 2. What exactly is a VOR? Sounds like it's a constant all-direction radio transmission from a fixed point on the airport to help locate where the airstrip is. If so, does it necessarily have to be from *a* standard designated point in the airfield, right across all airfields on earth? 3. If a pilot needs to land at an airport that doesn't have a control tower, how does he figure its elevation so that he may plan his descent? 4. When a pilot says, "Give me a vector", what does he actually mean? 5. When pilots use miles in conversations, does it mean the miles we normally use, or is it always nautical miles? 6. The difference between airspeed and groundspeed is that airspeed is the net of the plane's speed and opposing windspeed, while groundspeed is just the plane's speed. Right? 7. What is "density altitude", and how to compute it? If I'm not wrong, its use is to plan the length of takeoff roll and angle of climb. Cheers, Ramapriya |
#19
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"Ramapriya" wrote in message
oups.com... I wish you all a very cheery 2005. You really are a nice set of guys here (those branding me a terrorist notwithstanding), mostly patient even at clarifying elementary stuff Some more Qs, if you don't mind. 1. How does a pilot get to know the distance to the airport that he has to land in, so that he plans his descent accordingly, in planes that don't have an onboard computer? Maps I know would give the distance between two fixed points, but how does he keep track of distance covered in flight and that sort of thing? To inquire ground stations such info would be embarrassing, I guess It's called pilotage, you always know where you are. 2. What exactly is a VOR? Sounds like it's a constant all-direction radio transmission from a fixed point on the airport to help locate where the airstrip is. If so, does it necessarily have to be from *a* standard designated point in the airfield, right across all airfields on earth? not on all airfields and not always at airfields.. 3. If a pilot needs to land at an airport that doesn't have a control tower, how does he figure its elevation so that he may plan his descent? he looks up the airport information before he starts out, the control tower is not going to tell you the airfield elevation unless you ask, and then it just shows that you did not do your preflight planning., very unprofessional 4. When a pilot says, "Give me a vector", what does he actually mean? he needs a heading to fly to get somewhere, normally to get started while he sorts it out in the cockpit, or the navigational aid he is heading to is to far away to recieve 5. When pilots use miles in conversations, does it mean the miles we normally use, or is it always nautical miles? professional pilots use nautical, it is one arc minute of latitude on the navigational charts 6. The difference between airspeed and groundspeed is that airspeed is the net of the plane's speed and opposing windspeed, while groundspeed is just the plane's speed. Right? you got that backwards, ground speed is the net of airspeed and wind effect.. airspeed is the speed of the aircraft through the air mass, regardless of how the airmass is moving in respect to terra firma 7. What is "density altitude", and how to compute it? If I'm not wrong, its use is to plan the length of takeoff roll and angle of climb. there you are correct, density altitude will affect engine, propellor and wing performance. it is the air at elevation, normally measured by pressure and affected by temperature. high hot and humid is a bad combo Cheers, Ramapriya |
#20
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These are questions that EVERY student pilot has. Hence the reason that you
are a student pilot. You need to talk face to face with an instructor and/or take a ground school at your local FBO. ALL of your questions will be answered, as well many other things. It is ridiculous to think that you can try to get your groundschool knowledge and studying done by writing to a usenet group. It doesn't matter how qualified the respondants are, you are wasting your time. You are not gonna get any sign offs for this studying, if you wanna call it that. Take the ground school and start flying. Get off your bum and make it happen. The world will open up and the sun will shine so much brighter on your knowledge level and you won't be wasting everyone else's time either. By the way, everything that you don't understand on the ground will be a whole lot clearer when you are in the air seeing how it works first hand. "Tobias Schnell" wrote in message ... On 30 Dec 2004 02:43:33 -0800, "Ramapriya" wrote: 1. How does a pilot get to know the distance to the airport that he has to land in, so that he plans his descent accordingly, in planes that don't have an onboard computer? Maps I know would give the distance between two fixed points, but how does he keep track of distance covered in flight and that sort of thing? To inquire ground stations such info would be embarrassing, I guess What do you mean by "onboard computer"? Most airplanes nowadays (even small single-engine-ones) have GPS receivers, for which the easiest task is "tell me the distance to airport XYZ". Modern airliners are equipped with flight management systems. These derive information about the airplane's position from various sources (ground-based navaids, inertia, GPS...), so no problem there, too. If you don't have all those toys, it is likely that you have at least a VOR receiver (see below), an ADF or a DME. With those you can also calculate distances to a fix, but that may require some mental math to be done. Airplanes without any onboard electronics are normally flown day-VFR only, so distance calculation can be made by dead reckoning or pilotage. But if you are unsure you can of course ask a radar controller for assistance. 2. What exactly is a VOR? Sounds like it's a constant all-direction radio transmission from a fixed point on the airport to help locate where the airstrip is. If so, does it necessarily have to be from *a* standard designated point in the airfield, right across all airfields on earth? VORs are not necessarily located on airports. For technical details do a google search, I am sue you will find better explanations than what can be given here in text-only-mode. Basically a VOR receiver in the airplane tells you the bearing from the station to the airplane. Pilots are talking about so-called "radials", e.g. if an airplane is on radial 270 of a VOR, its position is due west of the VOR. Most VORs are used for enroute navigation, but there are also instrument approaches relying on VORs. But as VORs used for approaches can be located anywhere on the field or even be off-airport, minimums are usually higher than for an ILS approach. 3. If a pilot needs to land at an airport that doesn't have a control tower, how does he figure its elevation so that he may plan his descent? The elevation of an airport is published. And even non-attended filelds often have automatic weather reporting that provides an altimeter setting. If not, you can use the altimeter seting from a nearby airport which is nomally not too far off. 4. When a pilot says, "Give me a vector", what does he actually mean? He requests heading instructions from a radar controller, for example to intercept an ILS or to an airport. 5. When pilots use miles in conversations, does it mean the miles we normally use, or is it always nautical miles? Pilots are using nautical miles. 6. The difference between airspeed and groundspeed is that airspeed is the net of the plane's speed and opposing windspeed, while groundspeed is just the plane's speed. Right? If a plane would fly at sea level with an airspeed of 100 kts and there was a headwind of, let's say 50 kts, its groundspeed would be 50 kts. With calm winds, the groundspeed would also be 100 kts. When flying higher, air- and groundspeed differ even with no wind, as the air becomes less dense with altitude, so indicated airspeed decreases. Look for "indicated" and "true" airspeed in the books you should have bought by now ;-). 7. What is "density altitude", and how to compute it? If I'm not wrong, its use is to plan the length of takeoff roll and angle of climb. Uh, I'll leave that to someone else now... Regards Tobias |
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