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Mikoyan MiG-29K
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K
The Mikoyan MiG-29K (Russian: ?????? ???-29K; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum-D) is a Russian all-weather carrier-based multirole fighter aircraft developed by the Mikoyan Design Bureau. The MiG-29K was developed in the late 1980s from the MiG-29M. Mikoyan describes it as a 4++ generation aircraft. Production MiG-29Ks differ from prototypes by features such as a multi-function radar and several new cockpit displays; the adoption of HOTAS (hands-on-throttle-and-stick) controls; the integration of RVV-AE (also known as R-77) air-to-air missiles, along with missiles for anti-ship and anti-radar operations; and several ground/strike precision-guided weapons. The MiG-29K was not ordered into production and only two prototypes were originally built because the Russian Navy preferred the Su-27K (later re-designated Su-33) in the early 1990s. Mikoyan did not stop its work on the MiG-29K aircraft despite the lack of financing since 1992. The programme got a boost in the late 1990s to meet an Indian requirement for a ship-borne fighter following the purchase of a former Soviet aircraft carrier, and the MiG-29K was first received by the Indian Naval Air Arm in 2009. The Russian Navy, with their Su-33s nearing the end of their service lives by 2010, has also ordered the MiG-29K as a replacement. Origins India The MiG-29K project was initiated in the late 1970s when the Soviet Navy developed a requirement for a supersonic carrier-based fighter. As a first step to meet this requirement, the Mikoyan design bureau designed a "proof of concept" version of the MiG-29 fitted with a stronger undercarriage and a reinforced tail section with an arrestor hook, the MiG-29KVP (Korotkii Vzlet i Posadka, or "short take off and landing"). The KVP first flew on 21 August 1982, and was subject to extensive trials which demonstrated it could safely operate from a ski-jump, but ideally a production aircraft needed more power and greater wing area. It was decided to base the definitive naval version on the advanced MiG-29M (izdeliye "Product" 9.15) that was already under development, further modified with new undercarriage and folding wings of greater area, with the new model designated the MiG-29K (Korabelniy – "ship based") or Project 9–31. The MiG-29K differed considerably from the MiG-29 production model, featuring a new multi-function radar, dubbed Zhuk; a cockpit with monochrome display and use of the HOTAS (hands-on-throttle-and-stick) principle; the RVV-AE air-to-air active homing missiles; antiship and antiradar missiles; as well as air-to-ground precision-guided weapons. To protect the engine from foreign object damage (FOD), the engine inlets were fitted with retractable grills for air flow, rather than metal doors and leading-edge extension auxiliary intake louvres used by land-based MiG-29s. The MiG-29K is drastically modified from the Mikoyan MiG-29M for naval operations. The airframe and undercarriage are reinforced to withstand the stress experienced upon landing. Folding wings, an arrestor hook, and catapult attachments were added for carrier operations; the aircraft's undercarriage track was also widened. The MiG-29K, unlike the early MiG-29, can both conduct aerial refueling and "buddy" refuel other aircraft. Russia The 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Russian Navy has a fleet of 21 Su-33 fighters whose service lives were expected to be reached by 2015. Around 10 to 12 will receive an upgrade including the Gefest SVP-24 bombsight for free-fall bombs, giving them a limited ground attack capability,[51] but more aircraft were needed. It was less cost-effective to open the Su-33 production line for a small run than to piggy-back on the Indian Navy's order of MiG-29K's. India paid $730 million for the development and delivery of 16 units, while 24 for the Russian Navy would cost approximately $1 billion. The Russian Navy ordered 24 MiG-29Ks in late 2009 for Admiral Kuznetsov. Deliveries of the MiG-29K for the Russian Navy started in 2010. MiG and Russia were in final negotiations for an order for more MiG-29K/KUB aircraft in August 2011.[56] An order for 20 MiG-29KR fighter-bombers and four MiG-29KUBR operational trainers for operation from Admiral Kuznetsov, replacing the Sukhoi Su-33, was officially announced in February 2012. However, in 2015, Major-General Igor Kozhin, the Commander of the Navy's Air and Air Defence Forces, announced that a second fighter regiment would be formed to augment the current force, with the intention that the MiG-29s be used by this new unit, with some existing Su-33s refurbished for further use. Role All-weather carrier-based multirole fighter National origin Soviet Union / Russia Manufacturer Mikoyan First flight 23 July 1988 Introduction 19 February 2010 Status In service Primary users Indian Navy Russian Navy Produced 2005–present Number built 81 Unit cost US$16 million Developed from Mikoyan MiG-29M In 2004 India ordered 12 MiG-29K single-seat and 4 MiG-29KUB two-seat fighters. The MiG-29K is to provide both airborne fleet air defence and surface attack capabilities. Deliveries began in December 2009. Prior to their delivery to India, the MiG-29Ks underwent testing on board Admiral Kuznetsov. In January 2010, India and Russia signed a deal worth US$1.2 billion for the Indian Navy to receive an additional 29 MiG-29Ks. The MiG-29K entered operational service with India in February 2010. Further deliveries of five MiG-29Ks and a flight simulator took place in May 2011. Further deliveries are to continue through 2012. The fighters were based at INS Hansa in Goa on India's west coast until Admiral Gorshkov joined the navy under the name of INS Vikramaditya in last quarter of 2013. Vikramaditya was expected to carry up to 24 MiG-29K/KUB fighters. The future indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, being built by India, is also likely to carry these aircraft. In a 2016 report, India's national auditor CAG criticized the aircraft due to defects in engines, airframes and fly-by-wire systems. The serviceability of Mig-29K was reported ranging from 15.93% to 37.63% and that of MiG-29KUB ranging from 21.30% to 47.14%; with 40 engines (62%) being rejected/withdrawn from service due to design defects. These defects are likely to reduce the service life of the aircraft from the stated 6000 hours. Specifications (MiG-29K) General characteristics Crew: 1 or 2 Length: 17.3 m (57 ft 9 in) Wingspan: 11.99 m (39 ft 5 in) Height: 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in) Wing area: 43 m² (462 ft²) Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,250 lb) Loaded weight: 18,550 kg (40,900 lb) Max. takeoff weight: 24,500 kg (54,000 lb) Powerplant: 2 × Klimov RD-33MK afterburning turbofans, 88.3 kN (19,800 lbf) each Performance Maximum speed: At high altitude: Mach 2+ (2,200 km/h, 1,370 mph) At low altitude: Mach 1.13 (1,400 km/h; 870 mph) Cruise speed: Mach 1.21 (1,500 km/h; 930 mph) Range: At high altitude: 1,500 km (930 mi; 810 nmi) At low altitude: 700 km (435 mi; 380 nmi) Combat radius: 850 km (528 mi; 459 nmi) Ferry range: Clean: 2,000 km (1,240 mi; 1,080 nmi) With 3 drop tanks: 3,000 km (1,860 mi; 1,620 nmi) With 3 drop tanks and one aerial refueling: 5,500 km (3,420 mi; 2,970 nmi) Service ceiling: 17,500 m (57,400 ft) Rate of climb: 330 m/s (65,000 ft/min) (initial); 109 m/s (21,500 ft/min) (average) (0–6,000 m) Wing loading: 442 kg/m² (90.5 lb/ft²) Thrust/weight: 0.97 Maximum g-load: 8 g Armament Guns: 1 × 30 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 autocannon with 150 rounds Hardpoints: 8 × including the ones on multi-lock bomb carriers with a capacity of up to 5,500 kg (12,125 lb) of stores and provisions to carry combinations of: Rockets: S-5 S-8 S-24 Missiles: Air-to-air missiles: 8 × R-73E 6 x RVV-AE Anti-ship missiles: 4 x Kh-31A/AD 4 x Kh-35U/UE Anti-radiation missiles: 4 x Kh-31P/PD Bombs: 4 x KAB-500KR TV-guided bombs 4 x KAB-500L laser-guided bombs * |
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