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Lung Disease And Flying
On Jun 27, 7:33*am, ad hominem wrote:
snip Lmpdck Little Atheist Btch "Chelating agents to facilitate thrombolysis" Modification of fibrin structure as a possible cause of thrombolytic resistance Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Boguslaw Lipinski1 (1) Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA Published online: 24 June 2009 Abstract This paper presents a concept according to which free radicals, specifically the most biologically active hydroxyl radicals, induce structural modifications in fibrin(ogen) molecules making them resistant to proteolytic degradation. Such changes are analogous to those in congeneticaly altered fibrinogen that give rise to plasmin resistant fibrin clots and consequently to thrombosis. In view of the fact that hydroxyl radicals are generated in the Fenton reaction in the presence of iron and/or copper ions, the use of chelating agents to facilitate thrombolysis is rationalized. Moreover, the resistance of thrombi older than 3 h to proteolytic degradation may be abrogated by the administration of free radical scavengers, particularly those that can be neutralized by virtue of aromatic hydroxylation, such as salicylates and polyphenolic compounds. Keywords Free radicals - Fibrin(ogen) - Proteolysis - Chelating agents - Free radical scavengers Boguslaw Lipinski Email: ------******----- Deep Vein Thrombosis FAQ Question: What is Deep Vein Thrombosis.? Answer: DVT is the name given to a blood clot that forms in a vein, most commonly in the calf. On a plane, DVT can be caused partly by dehydration - it gets very dry in planes and the blood becomes thicker than usual - and by not moving about. Long-haul, direct flights may carry the biggest risk because there is less opportunity to move around. Question: What happens.? Answer: A combination of inactivity, sluggish circulation and thicker blood results in a clot forming on the side wall of a vein. Platelets in the blood stick to each other and to the wall. The clot gets slowly bigger and obstructs the vein, although it is rare for the whole vein to become blocked. Question: Why does it happen.? Answer: Because it is a long way from the bottom of the leg back to the heart, the calf muscle acts as a vein pump to send the blood back up. The problem is it only works when the muscle is working, so if you are sitting in a chair or lying for a long time the calf muscle takes time out. Question: Why does that cause a clot.? Answer: The blood is thicker, both because of dehydration and because it is not moving about, and as a result there is a tendency for it to become sluggish and clot. When you eventually stand up, the muscle gets going and the clot or a bit of it may break off and head up towards the heart along with a tail of debris which has built up behind and may be several inches long. It arrives in the right side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs, becoming a pulmonary embolism. If it is big enough to clog up vessel it can have a big impact on breathing. The whole functioning of the lung can be compromised. Question: Who is at risk?. Answer: Factors include being over 40, although there have been younger victims. Others include being on the Pill, smoking, overweight or having a previous DVT or recent major surgery. Also more susceptible are those suffering from the gene mutation known as Factor V Leidan, found in one in twenty of the population. It affects the clotting performance of the blood, increasing sevenfold the sufferers vulnerability to flight related DVT. Few are unaware that they suffer from the mutation and while it can be picked up in tests they are too expensive to allow for mass screening. It is also believed that passengers are at risk of DVT if they become dehydrated through drinking alcohol and if they use sleeping pills. The deep sleep induced by some knock-out drugs leads to a long period of inactivity and lowers oxygen in the blood, increasing stickiness. DVT can also occur during pregnancy, because there is an increased tendency for the blood to form clots, a natural mechanism to prevent bleeding during childbirth. Question: What are the symptoms?. Answer: Early signs are swelling of the ankle. But remember that many people get swollen ankles during flight. However an indication that it might be DVT is when one ankle swells much more than the other. There may also be localised redness and some pain. More serious symptoms are a cough, breathlessness, a rapid heartbeat, and palpitations. Question: What should you do?. Answer: Seek medical advice quickly. Question: How Serious is it?. Answer: A pulmonary embolism can be life-threatening and needs immediate medical attention. If it blocks a major artery feeding the lung it can cause death from respiratory or cardiac failure because the heart cannot get the blood through the system. Question: Is it always fatal?. Answer: No. Many people get DVT and never realise it. The clot can just sit there and not turn into an embolism. It can be a smaller clot which goes into the lung and causes respiratory problems but not catastrophic failure. Or sometimes a pulmonary embolism can go unnoticed by the victim because it is not a major part of the lung which becomes clogged up. Sometimes the clot does not break off at all and simply remains as a deep vein thrombosis. Do's and Don'ts DO: Always have a glass of water in front of you. Make sure drink plenty of water (or juice) both during and before the flight. Carbonated (Seltzer) Ginger drinks are particularly beneficial. DO: Get up and walk up and down the aisle when you get a chance. DO: Take an aspirin before the flight to thin the blood. But check with your GP, aspirin is not advisable with conditions such as stomach ulcers. DO: Try elastic stoking, particularly if you have varicose veins. They apply constant pressure down the leg and aid the blood flow. DON'T: Drink alcohol, it dehydrates you. DON'T: Drink too much coffee or tea; like alcohol they can dehydrate you. DON'T: Have any kind of obstruction near or around the calves when seated. DON'T: Go to sleep with any constriction on lower legs. DON'T: Wear tight socks, though you can wear the airline versions which are not constricting. DON'T: Smoke. even assuming the airline allows it. NEW DRUG A new generation drug has been launched which can dramatically reduce the serious risk of potentially fatal blood clots following orthopaedic surgery. Deep vein thrombosis - blood clots in the legs - caused by "economy class syndrome" on long-haul flights has attracted much publicity. But a much bigger cause of clots both in the legs and the lungs is orthopaedic operations such as hip replacement, repair of hip fractures and major knee surgery. With no preventative treatment, an estimated 50% of the 180,000 UK patients undergoing surgery to lower limbs each year will develop deep vein thrombosis. DVT often occurs without the patient or doctors knowing, and may lead to a blood clot in the lung, or pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal. Current treatments reduce the hazard, but a 15% to 30% risk remains that a patient will develop either DVT or PE. In 2000-2001 there were in excess of 45,000 NHS hospital admissions resulting from DVT or PE, of which more than 80% were emergencies. The new drug, fondaparinux sodium, sold under the brand name Arixtra, is said to reduce the risk by a further 50% - a massive improvement. John Skinner, consultant orthopaedic surgeon at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in Stanmore, Middlesex, said: "There remains a need for an effective, well-tolerated agent that will help to prevent venous thromboembolism (blood clots). Such a therapy could save lives and reduce the pressure on the NHS when it has to cope with this dangerous yet difficult to diagnose condition." Arixtra is the first of a new class of drug which targets a particular protein called activated factor X that plays a key role in clotting blood. Trials have shown it to be more than 50% more effective than the currently most widely prescribed anti-clotting agent, enoxaparin. Unlike enoxaparin, however, Arixtra does not affect the blood platelets which help prevent bleeding. 2 July 2002 Exposure to infrasound generated by jet engines proposed as essential cause of Airline Passenger’s DVT Syndrome -and of Temporal Lobe Atrophy in airline hostesses. Size of the problem. According to www.aviation-health.org of the 54 million passengers carried by European airlines on longhaul trips for an average of 9.4 hours, one million passengers suffer from air-related DVT, or around 5%. On short haul trips of 3 to 4 hours it is 1 to 2%. The UK lobby group ‘Victims of Air-Related DVT Association’ (VARDA) is linked to this website. www.airhealth.org has collated 21 medical reports leading to a conservative estimate of one million airline passengers diagnosed and treated in the USA each year, with 100,000 fatalities. Combining the European and US figures, we may have greatly in excess of these last numbers per annum. In a recent trial, Scurr et al (2001) showed that around 10% of long haul (median 24 hours) passengers older than 50 but without other known risk factors developed ‘symptomless’ DVT after one return flight, returning to the UK within 6 weeks. This appears to be a significant finding (the general population is more at risk) which has not yet impacted on the mind of the travelling public. These smaller blood clots are capable of moving to the lungs, sometimes with fatal results. However, in this trial all positive cases were treated with heparin and referred to their GP’s. There are two Class Actions in progress, one involving Collins Solicitors working with VARDA in the UK on a A$55 million case against several airlines, alleging that the airlines did not warn passengers of the risks of developing DVT; the other Slater & Gordon in Australia suing Qantas, BA, KLM and the Australian air safety body CASA on the same basis as at July 2001. The website www.flyana.com provides professional insight into how airline passenger health has been compromised by commercial or economic considerations in recent years. Another website.. http://www.vascularsociety.org.uk/pa...vt_travel.html Complete report free by email from: "David Collier" Acknowledgements: Daily Mail, Ananova, Dave Collier and Joe Curry -- www.edinburghairport.org.uk Scotland's most convenient/accessible airport. https://www.germanwings.com/images/f...ted_image_map_... http://www.yabbers.com/phpbb/?mforum=edinburghairpor Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/634q5a Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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Lung Disease And Flying
On Jun 27, 11:05*am, ironjustice wrote:
blood becomes thicker One of the problems of too much blood / increased red blood cell production / thick blood is heart problems. Lowering of too much blood was and is accomplished by blood donation. "Blood donation as a form of bloodletting to alleviate the symptoms of `thick blood'." http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/2/123 Addressing 'thick blood' lowers the death rate to zero. http://tinyurl.com/35dug "This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and patient outcomes. The death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for those patients who were normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic" ------------------------- "Idiopathic anasarca" is what the ancient physicians called plethora, which was just too much blood, and which venesecton removed. Such anasarca is almost universal after middle life" Br Med J. 1915 June 19; 1(2842): 1069. Copyright notice BLOODLETTING IN PNEUMONIA John Haddon BLOODLETTING IN PNEUMONIA. Sir, Dr. Balms's communication in the Journal of June 5th, p. 970, telling how he treats some cases of pneumonia, deserves to be noticed. It was the late Professor John Hughes Bennet who first advocated the expectant treatment of pneumonia, and his book on the subject was translated into many languages. I acted as his resident in the clinical wards of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and , by his directions, I occasionally bled patients. Bennet would have bled the cases Dr. Balm describes , and if the idea is original on his part , he deserves credit. Talking about his letter with a medical friend , he told me that he had a patient whose nose bled profusely; he failed to stop it, and the late Dr. Joseph Bell was consulted he told my friend that his father would , in such a case , have opened a vein, and that was what Dr. Joseph Bell did. He did not take more than two tablespoonsfuls of blood , and there was no more bleeding from the nose. Our grandfathers used to be bled every spring, and I have heard Professor Bennet tell of the row of patients waiting to be bled. Lanquid and lazy before being bled, they felt as if their youth were renewed by the bleeding. I heard Sir T. Clifford Allbutt tell of having had a patient suffering from a pulse of very high tension, who was kept for a year by one venesection; in these days of so-called sudden death from heart failure or apoplexy , which I look upon as an opprobrium to the physician, it would be well to resort to an annual bleeding aagain, unless the profession can be converted to the views set forth in my book which proves that food is the chief cause of disease, and restricts the quantity , as well as changes the quality , of the patients food. In what has been called "idiopathic anasarca" we have a neurosis , due to what the ancient physicians called plethora, which was just too much blood, and which venesecton removed. Such anasarca is almost universal after middle life, and I have found it in some quite young , proving that even the youngest may be injured by the food they eat. Such facts ought to encourage the study of dietetics which the General Medical Council would do well to make a compulsory subject of examination for every licence to practice medicine. -- I am, etc., Hawick June 7th, John Haddon, M.D. PMCID: PMC2302502 ---------------- "This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and patient outcomes. The death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for those patients who were normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic" 5/24/2004 Study Involving Survival of Congestive Heart Failure Patients and Blood Volume Measurement Using the BVA-100 New York, NY, May 24, 2004 – Daxor Corporation (AMEX: DXR), a medical instrumentation and biotechnology company, today announced a new study involving blood volume measurement and the survival of congestive heart failure patients. The study, conducted at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, ranked as the #1 hospital in the NY region, was published in The American Journal of Cardiology (2004;93:1254-1259). The study, authored by Dr. Stuart Katz , currently an Associate Professor at Yale Medical School , and Dr. Ana- Silvia Androne, et al. utilized the BVA-100 Blood Volume Analyzer to measure the degree of blood volume expansion in congestive heart failure patients and the eventual outcome of these severely ill patients. The patients had a median follow up for a total of 719 days. This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and patient outcomes. Congestive heart failure is the number one cause for admission to hospitals for patients over 65 years of age and results in annual healthcare costs exceeding $38 billion. The study is notable for a number of significant findings. The study followed severely ill congestive heart failure patients for a median follow up of 719 days. During the first year, the major finding was a 39% death rate in patients that were hypervolemic (excess blood volume) vs. 0% death rate for those who were normovolemic/hypovolemic (normal blood volume/mildly reduced blood volume). For those hypervolemic patients that were followed fora median duration of 719 days, the death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for those patients who were normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic. The second finding was based on comparing the ability of a cardiologist when performing a comprehensive physical examination to evaluate whether the patient had hypervolemia, normovolemia or hypovolemia. The study found that physicians were only correct 51% of the time in categorizing the blood volume status of the patient. Another finding was that the systolic blood pressure for the hypervolemic group was significantly lower as compared to that of the normo/hypovolemic group. This may be related to Vasodilators, which are commonly used to treat congestive heart failure. An additional observation was that patients in the normo/hypovolemic group had better kidney blood flow than the hypervolemic patients. Dr. Joseph Feldschuh, President of Daxor, who is a cardiologist, stated “At the present time, it is very difficult for experienced physicians to judge when they have over-treated or under- treated patients. More precise treatment has the potential for reducing the frequency and extent of hospitalization of congestive heart failure patients. The treatment for hypervolemia is different than the treatment for hypovolemia in heart failure. Dr. Androne and Dr. Katzs’ study demonstrates the difficulty a physician faces in distinguishing these conditions and administering optimum therapy. The difference in the survival rate between the different groups of heart failure patients suggests that adjusting medical therapy in a heart failure patient to normalize his/her blood volume can improve the longevity of the patient.” Daxor Corporation manufactures and markets the BVA-100, a semi- automated Blood Volume Analyzer. The BVA-100 is used in conjunction with a single use diagnostic kit, and measures blood volume to within a 98% accuracy. For more information regarding Daxor Corporation's Blood Volume Analyzer BVA-100, visit Daxor's website www.Daxor.com. For more infomation, please contact: Stephen Feldschuh Chief Operating Officer 212-330-8515 email: Diane Meegan Investor Relations 212-330-8512 email: -------------------------- This says bloodletting and / or menstruation alleviates accumulation of blood and hyperviscosity / 'thick blood' and should be used as a **selling point** in blood donation centers. Alleviative Bleeding: Bloodletting, Menstruation and the Politics of Ignorance in a Brazilian Blood Donation Centre Emilia Sanabria Centre Edgar Morin (EHESS/CNRS), This article focuses on blood donation as a form of bloodletting in a context where donation is commonly seen to alleviate the symptoms of `thick blood'. It deals with the gendered aspects of blood donation, and the parallels drawn between donating blood and menstruating. Women are seen not to need to donate blood as much as men, who, in the absence of menstruation, are more prone to thick blood and require a means to expunge the ensuing excess. While blood donation professionals strive to reconstruct donation as a selfless and ungendered act, counterposing the `facts' of arterial blood circulation to local blood-lore and beliefs, lay understandings challenge this construction in the use they make of blood donation centres or by reiterating the personalistic and gendered dimensions of donation. The article explores cases of patients who use hormonal contraceptives which suppress menstruation and express concerns over the resulting accumulation of blood in the body. It considers how blood donation is adopted by some women as a means of dispelling both the perceived inconveniences of menstrual bleeding and its swelling effects. Such literalized engagements with medical technologies reveal a conception of the body as a permeable, malleable and recipient-like enclosure. These views are often characterized as `ignorance' by medical practitioners, where ignorance is seen to derive not only from the absence of knowledge, but from the presence of the wrong kind of knowledge. Key Words: anthropology • blood • Brazil • humours • menstrual suppression • menstruation Body & Society, Vol. 15, No. 2, 123-144 (2009) DOI: 10.1177/1357034X09104112 ------------ Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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