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#41
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
A-3B CLEO was 49k max landing, 117kias
A-3B non-CLEO was 47k, 117kias Later A-3B's with Cambered Leading Edge wing, noted by slats inboard of the engines. After 1965 most A-3's were versions: tankers, ECM, photo-recon, or the overweight EKA-3B (or ERA-3B?) which couldn't operate from a carrier. But that was after my time (Forrestal was 5 years old, had a starboard side mirror, God's gift to the fleet with a 600psi steam plant, and the Whale was a strategic bomber.) Joel McEachen VAH-5 Ian MacLure wrote: fudog50 wrote in : Since the original question was about landing speeds, I assume you mean traps? Here is a topic for discussion..... The E/F "Rhino" comes in fast and heavy. The gear on Nimitz class is taking a heavy toll and is wearing out faster than the design was intended. The "Growler" will come in heavier and faster. Can the current configuration of the arresting gear handle it and not have catastrophic fatigue failure without major modification? I would simply draw your attention to several designs that could have been or were operated off Enterprise class & later carriers. A3, F4, A5 & F111. All heavier (30-40+ tons) than the Rhino or Growler. I think the rough aim point for approach speeds is something like ` 140Kts +/-. IBM |
#42
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
WaltBJ wrote: Only buzzed carriers, being an AF pilot, but our basic fence speed in the F4D (Phantom, that is)was 122 KIAS plus 2 knots per 1000# over empty/clean. But we could shave that speed 4 knots or so with a slippery runway (Da Nang in the monsoon!) . FWIW with zero crosswind you could plant a F104A, full flaps, at 135. If the F102 had had 8 foot long gear legs we could have landed it at about 115; but with the factory gear you'd drag a foot or so off the tailpipe. BTW hows come only a couple responders mentioned airspeed, and one of them sounded pretty high? Lots of reserve fuel in case of repeated bolters? Surely y'all had a basic airspeed to add to in case of extra fuel, external loads, etc. Or did you fly AOA and ignore IAS? Walt BJ AOA and making sure you weren't heavier than than max trap fuel..5.1 in the later F-4s, 5.7 with tank 7 full in the earler F-4J...GIB made sure the airspeed was 'proper' but 15 units AOA(?)... |
#43
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
Sorry to jump in late.
wrote in message ups.com... WaltBJ wrote: Only buzzed carriers, being an AF pilot, but our basic fence speed in the F4D (Phantom, that is)was 122 KIAS plus 2 knots per 1000# over empty/clean. But we could shave that speed 4 knots or so with a slippery runway (Da Nang in the monsoon!) . FWIW with zero crosswind you could plant a F104A, full flaps, at 135. If the F102 had had 8 foot long gear legs we could have landed it at about 115; but with the factory gear you'd drag a foot or so off the tailpipe. BTW hows come only a couple responders mentioned airspeed, and one of them sounded pretty high? Lots of reserve fuel in case of repeated bolters? Surely y'all had a basic airspeed to add to in case of extra fuel, external loads, etc. Or did you fly AOA and ignore IAS? Yep, flew AOA and ignored IAS, once positive that the AOA wasn't stuck. In the RA5C, I never flew a pass that wasn't auto-throttle - didn't want paddles to have a heart attack. Auto-throttle maintained AOA, not IAS. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. As to how much fuel one had at 50,000 pounds, that depended on the recon equipment installed. Frank |
#44
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
"Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley Henriques |
#45
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
"Dudley Henriques" wrote in message ... "Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley Henriques An often arbitrary measurement of fuselage angle of attack. Sometimes actual degrees based on the aircraft's ADL/WL (F-18), Sometimes approximating degrees, sometimes not. The system used either a vane which fared into the wind or a cylinder or cone with two slots machined into it (it would rotate into the free stream to equalize the pressure in the two slots). The angle of rotation is detected by a transducer which sends the signal to the AOA indicator(s). Usually the front cockpit indicator drives the cockpit indexers, approach lights (for the LSO) and any stall warning associated with AOA. The T-45 AOA formula is Indicated AOA = (Actual AOA + 8.93) / 1.025. No ****. I teach this stuff. One unit AOA deviation from optimum approach AOA (17 units and approx 8.5 degrees) is 3 knots. A very precise way of monitoring airspeed and attitude for a carrier landing. R / John |
#46
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
In article , "Dudley Henriques"
wrote: "Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley we haven't heard from you lately. How ya been? -- Harry Andreas Engineering raconteur |
#47
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
Hi Harry;
Been fine and thanks for asking. Just decided after six years of dealing with some of the personalities on RAM that when a newsgroup begins to change your OWN personality, it's time to take some time away and regroup so to speak. :-)) Dudley "Harry Andreas" wrote in message ... In article , "Dudley Henriques" wrote: "Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley we haven't heard from you lately. How ya been? -- Harry Andreas Engineering raconteur |
#48
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
Dudley Henriques wrote: "Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley Henriques Nope, just the place you flew when on speed...ya know, make the needle be where it was supposed to be...Don't know know how, just why.... |
#49
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
wrote in message ups.com... Dudley Henriques wrote: "Frank Minich" wrote in message ... Sorry to jump in late. I always understood the AOA units were somehow calibrated but arbitrary, so the 139 KIAS was the nominal speed that corresponded to on-speed AOA with full flaps and 50,000 pounds max-trap weight. Units should be either a percentage of the lift coefficient curve for the wing or a percentage of the AOA vane as determined by the OBC depending on the type if I remember....but I'm getting old :-)). Dudley Henriques Nope, just the place you flew when on speed...ya know, make the needle be where it was supposed to be...Don't know know how, just why.... Not sure I understand the reply. If I remember right, the AOA for the Turkey ran from 0 to 30 units. This represented the probe range of between -10 and +40 degrees. That's a probe percentage readout . Optimum approach donut was........Lord I need a memory here :-) 14.5 to 15.5 on amber?????????. I could be mistaken. It's been 30 years!! :-)))))))))))))))))))) Dudley Henriques |
#50
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Landing speeds for naval aircraft?
"D"
I think you really tackled a BIG subject here - the complete history of fighter aerodynamics taken from the viewpoint of the 'swing-wing'. If it is aircraft carrier machines then the attitude of the landing aircraft (AOA & necessary hook to landing gear distance) means a lot and then how fast you need to go (or how slow you can go) to achieve that speed based on your weight and drag computed against the component of the wind speed over flightdeck (ship) - gives you most of the formula. But if the ship is doing 100 knots you can land perhaps at 250 knots - and in that you can see that the speed range of the landing configuration has to be worked into things. Ever wonder why the F-106 was such a dream to fly - same speed all the time - just drop the gear and get close to the ground. The shuttle, however, may have more in common with the F-106 then anything else. Now let's hope that some test pilot from Pax jumps in with al the details but you also want to deal with handling issues ad how the engines work in that environment also. Pulling and adding power can be a nice experience or something forcing you to accept disaster. I suspect that swing wing technology for fighters and bombers; don't forget the Mirage G, B-2, Tu-22M, and Blackjack, all had a common thread in enabling takeoffs and landing on existing airfields that were usually under 10,000 feet or so. The use of an automatic maneuvering wing (F-14) brought the concept into the high tech world of fighter comparisons but where the F-14 could out fly an F-4 on similar maneuvers it was quickly learned that when you fly using your own advantages the superiority of any one machine dampens just a bit - the secret is getting the better machine to fly your game. One of the greatest expenditure of millions of dollars throughout all of these programs - and in a way has carried over into the V-22 world - was how do you mechanize the throttles. Think about it - more power / throttle forward but wings forward means more drag and slower. But throttle back slows speed yet wings back implies higher speed to fly with less drag. Big debate that went for decades aircraft to aircraft - country by country. F-111: More speed - Throttles forward - wing lever back (auto arrangement possible) to drop back wings F-14: More speed - Throttles forward - wing lever forward (auto arrangement possible) to drop back wings MiG-23/27: More speed - Throttle forward - wing lever back with locks to drop back wings Tu-22m/Tu-160: More speed - Throttle forward - wing lever back with locks to drop back wings B-2 Bomber: More speed - Throttles forward - wing lever forward (auto arrangement) to drop back wings Definitely the fighter pilot mentality in the fray. The shuttle could probably be rebuilt much better and instead of wings small retractable winglets might be in order now that material strength and heat tolerance is at high levels and the flight control ability is many times better. Would you build a new Tomcat with swing wings - a Tomcat yes, but a new aircraft the same mission no. Just some discussion "DDAY" wrote in message k.net... What are the carrier landing speeds for: The F-14 Tomcat? The F-18A Hornet? The F-18E/F Super Hornet? I'm working on an article about the Space Shuttle and I want to address the commonly repeated claim that the shuttle is a "mistake" because its technology is being abandoned. I'd like to compare it to swing-wing technology. During the 1960s, the swing-wing was the rage in new aircraft design and it ended up in quite a few aircraft such as the F-111, the F-14, the MiG-23, Tu-22, MiG-27, the B-1, and the Russsian Tu-160. But the Tu-160, designed in the early 1980s, appears to have been the last swing-wing aircraft. What I'm trying to explore is why that is. Why was this technology really popular for a couple of decades and then phased out? I don't think you can say that better airfoil or wing technology replaced it. It's just that requirements changed and the swing-wing was a solution that no longer fit the existing problem set. But I'm willing to be proven wrong. D |
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