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Nakajima Ki-84
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-84
The Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate (?84 ??"Gale"?) was a single-seat fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in World War II. The Allied reporting name was "Frank"; the Japanese Army designation was Army Type 4 Fighter (????? yon-shiki-sento-ki?). Featuring excellent performance and high maneuverability, the Ki-84 was considered to be the best Japanese fighter to see large scale operations during World War II. It was able to match any Allied fighter, and to intercept the high-flying B-29 Superfortresses. Its powerful armament (that could include two 30 mm and two 20 mm cannon) increased its lethality. Though hampered by poor production quality in later models, a high-maintenance engine, landing gear prone to buckle, inconsistent fuel quality, and a lack of experienced pilots above all else, Hayates proved to be fearsome opponents; a total of 3,514 were built. The Ki-84 was the fastest fighter in the Imperial Japanese military if good fuel was used and the aircraft was in good shape. Design of the Ki-84 commenced in early 1942 to meet an Imperial Japanese Army Air Service requirement for a replacement to Nakajima's own, earlier Ki-43 Oscar fighter, then just entering service. The specification recognized the need to combine the maneuverability of the Ki-43 with performance to match the best western fighters and heavy firepower. The Ki-84 first flew in March 1943 and deliveries from Nakajima's Ota factory commenced in April 1943. Although the design itself was solid, the shortage of fuel and construction materials, poor production quality, and lack of skilled pilots prevented the fighter from reaching its potential. Role Fighter Manufacturer Nakajima Aircraft Company First flight March 1943 Retired 1945 (Japan) Primary user Imperial Japanese Army Air Service Number built 3,514 [1] Variants Nakajima Ki-116 The first major operational involvement was during the battle of Leyte at the end of 1944, and from that moment until the end of the Pacific war the Ki-84 was deployed wherever the action was intense. The 22nd Sentai re-equipped with production Hayates. Though it lacked sufficient high-altitude performance, it performed well at medium and low levels. Seeing action against the USAAF 14th Air Force, it quickly gained a reputation as a fighter to be reckoned with. Fighter-bomber models also entered service. On April 15, 1945, 11 Hayates attacked US airfields on Okinawa, destroying many aircraft on the ground. The IJAAF's Ki-84, Kawasaki Heavy Industries' Ki-100, and the Kawanishi Aircraft Company's N1K2-J IJNAF naval fighter were the three Japanese fighters best suited to combat the newer Allied fighters. Specifications General characteristics Crew: One Length: 9.92 m (32 ft 7 in) Wingspan: 11.238 m (36 ft 11 in) Height: 3.385 m (11 ft 1 in) Wing area: 21 m² (226.041 ft²) Empty weight: 2,660 kg (5,864 lb) Loaded weight: 3,601.5 kg (7,940 lb) Max. takeoff weight: 4,170 kg (9,194 lb) Powerplant: 1 × Nakajima Ha-45-21 Homare 18-cylinder radial engine, 1,522 kW at SL, 1360 kW at 17,900 ft (1,970 hp at SL, 1850 hp at 17,900 ft) Performance Never exceed speed: 800 km/h (496 mph) Maximum speed: 686 km/h (426 mph) at 7,020 m (23,000 ft) Range: 2,168 km (1,347 mi) Service ceiling: 11,826.24 m (38,800 ft) Rate of climb: 21.84 m/s at SL, 18.29 m/s at 3050 meters (4300 ft/min at SL, 3600 ft/min at 10,000 ft) Wing loading: 171.47 kg/m² (35.1 lb/ft²) Power/mass: 1.8 kg/hp (4 lb/hp) Armament 2× 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns in nose, 350 rounds/gun 2× 20 mm Ho-5 cannon in wings, 150 shells/cannon 2× 100 kg (220 lb) bombs 2× 250 kg (551 lb) bombs 2× 200 L (53 US gal) drop tanks * |
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