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Airspeed control during ground launch?
What is the correct relationship between pitch angle and airspeed during
ground launch, either by auto or winch? Different sources make conflicting statements: 1. Speed control is OPPOSITE to that during aerotow and gliding * SSA Soaring Flight Manual, page 13-10: "Under most circumstances, the best way to reduce the airspeed is to raise the nose. During ground launch, however, the opposite is true ... pulling the nose up results in an increase in airspeed, assuming the launch vehicle has adequate power." * FAA Glider Flying Handbook, page 7-16: "The pitch attitude/airspeed relationship during ground launch is unique. During the launch, pulling back on the stick tends to increase airspeed, and pushing forward tends to reduce airspeed. This is the opposite of the normal pitch/airspeed relationship." * This is what I was taught during autotow training. I can't say that I have varied the pitch enough in my few launches to have demonstrated it. 2. Speed control is the SAME as during aerotow and gliding * British Gliding Association Instructors' Manual, page 16-2: "If the launch speed starts to tail-off, lower the nose." Page 16-3: "monitor the airspeed trend. If it is falling back towards the minimum safe speed, lower the nose or relax any back pressure on the stick." BGA does not mention attempting to slow down: "If the glider is starting to go too fast, maintain the normal climb attitude, and signal. If it remains too fast, or gets even faster, release." * During presentations on winch launch at a recent seminar, two leading instructors discussed lowering the nose to increase speed and raising the nose to decrease speed. * This is what my experience with the Condor flight simulator winch launch has shown. It seems to me that this is a critical point on which to be clear, since I will be winch-launching for the first time soon. I understand that the vectors involved are different than in aerotowing, because the wings are converting forward rope travel to angular motion (just like the skeg on a water ski!). I also understand that a properly balanced glider using a CG hook for winch launch will tend to nose up initially, and will seek an optimal climb angle naturally. Altering the climb angle with elevator will necessarily result in a less-than-optimal altitude gain. But what is the actual effect of raising or lowering the nose in a stable ground launch climb? A. Is it different depending on the angle of climb? In my experience, autotows tend to achieve a 25- to 30-degree climb angle, winch launch a 40- to 45-degree climb. Does that cause a difference in the effect of pitch angle? B. If #2 above is true, how did the SSA and FFA manuals get it wrong? C. If #1 is true, is it reversed in Britain? (Just kidding...) |
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