FA: Book - Aircraft Materials and Processes by Titterton Pub 1937

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll...m=459225307 1
Ends: Nov-27-05 17:53:29 PST

Aircraft Materials and Processes
By George F. Titterton

Hard Cover, Pittman, 1937, 340 pages
Good condition, no dust jacket

PREFACE
The author's purpose in writing this book was to present in one
coordinated volume the essential information on materials and processes
used in the construction of aircraft. Unimportant details have been
purposely omitted in the interest of brevity and readability. Within the
aircraft field this volume is rather general in scope and should meet
the needs of students, engineers, and designers, as well as practical
shop men.
This book is based largely upon a series of lectures given by the author
at New York University. Similar lectures were also given to a
miscellaneous group composed of engineers, shop men, and purchasing
department employees of a large aircraft manufacturing corporation. Both
in these lectures and the book itself, the author has drawn freely on a
fund of information obtained while employed as an engineer in the Naval
Inspection Service. As a result, the latest materials and processes used
in aircraft construction have been described from a utilitarian point of
view. Numerous suggestions have been included on the choice of material
for a particular job and on the best way of working, heat treating, and
finishing materials for specific applications.

CONTENTS
I. DEFINITIONS .
PHYSICAL TERMS ... .
HEAT TREATMENT TERMS .
PHYSICAL TEST TERMS ..... .
II. TESTING AIRCRAFT MATERIALS . .
TENSION TESTING . ..... .
HARDNESS TESTING . ..... .
BENDING TESTS . ..... .
IMPACT TESTS . . ..... . •
CRUSHING TESTS . ..... . •
HYDROSTATIC TEST . ..... .
TORSION TEST
FATIGUE TESTING
RADIOGRAPHY . . ..... .
MAGNAFLUX
III. STEEL AND, ITS ALLOYS
PLAIN CARBON STEELS . . ...
ALLOY STEELS . . . .
EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS . . .
S.A.E. STEEL NUMBERING SYSTEM . . .
ARMY-NAVY AERONAUTICAL SPECIFICATIONS .
IV. AIRCRAFT STEELS-PROPERTIES AND USES ........ . .
CARBON STEELS ..
NICKEL STEELS
NICKEL CHROMIUM STEELS . ... .
MOLYBDENUM STEELS . . . . .
CHROME-VANADIUM STEELS
SPECIAL STEELS
V. HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL . . .
CRITICAL RANGE . . .. .
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF STEEL . .
THEORY OF HEAT TREATMENT .
IX, NICKEL ALLOYS . . . •
INCONEL MONEL
K MONEL . ..... . .
X, COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS .
COPPER , . . . • „
BRASS . . . . . „
BRONZE
SEASON CRACKING . . . .
XI. WROUGHT ALUMINUM ALLOYS ,
NOMENCLATURE
CLASSIFICATION OF WROUGHT ALLOYS . . CORROSION
ALCLAD ALUMINUM ALLOYS . . . . EXTRUSIONS . . . . . .
FORGINGS . ..... . .
SPOT WELDING ALUMINUM ALLOYS . .
HEAT TREATMENT . . .
STRAIN-HARDENED ALLOYS . . . .
HEAT-TREATABLE ALLOYS
XII. ALUMINUM ALLOY CASTINGS . .
SAND CASTING ..... . .
PERMANENT MOLD CASTINGS . . .
DIE CASTING ..... . .
DESIGN OF CASTINGS . . . . .
XIII. MAGNESIUM ALLOYS . . . .
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . .
WORKING PROPERTIES . . . . .
JOINING METHODS . . . . .
CORROSION RESISTANCE . . . . .
AVAILABLE SHAPES . . . . . .
USES . . ..... . .
XIV. WELDING—BRAZING—SOLDERING
GAS WELDING ..... . .
ELECTRIC ARC WELDING . . . . .
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDING . . .
WELDING CONSIDERATIONS . . . .
BRAZING . ..... . .
HARD SOLDERING . . . . . .
SOFT SOLDERING . . . . • .
PRACTICAL HEAT TREATMENT . . . • HEAT TREATMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT
STEELS . . •
S.A.E. 1025: Mild Carbon Steel . . . .
S.A.E. 1035: Medium Carbon Steel . . .
S.A.E. 1045: Medium Carbon Steel . . .
S.A.E. 1095: High Carbon Steel . . . .
S.A.E. 2330: Nickel Steel . . . . . .
S.A.E. 3140: Chrome-Nickel Steel . . . .
S.A.E. X4130: Chrome-Molybdenum Steel . . S.A.E. 4140:
Chrome-Molybdenum Steel (high
carbon) . . . . . . .
S.A.E. X4340: Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel . S.A.E. 6135:
Chrome-Vanadium Steel (medium
carbon) . . . . . . • • •
S.A.E. 6150: Chrome-Vanadium Steel (springs) .
VI. SURFACE HARDENING ..... .
CASEHARDENING . . ..... . SELECTIVE CASEHARDENING .. Y....
CYANIDING . . . . ......
NITRIDING . . . .. ....
VII. SHAPING OF STEEL . . . . • • •
MECHANICAL TREATMENT . .....
HOT WORKING . . . . .....
COLD WORKING . . • • • • • • •
STEEL CASTINGS ..... . . .
DEFECTS IN STEEL ..... . . .
VIII. CORROSION-RESISTING STEELS . . .
CORROSION . . . ..... . •
INTERGRANULAR CORROSION . • • • • •
HEAT TREATMENT . ..... . .
SALT SPRAY CORROSION TEST . . • • • •
PICKLING . . . ..... . •
POLISHING . . ...... •
PASSIVATING ..... . . • •
WORKING PROPERTIES . ..... .
WELDING AND SOLDERING . • • • • •
PROPERTIES OF CORROSION-RESISTING STEELS . . CORROSION-RESISTING
STEEL FOR:
EXHAUST COLLECTORS • • • • • •
STRUCTURAL PURPOSES . .....
MACHINED PARTS
SPRINGS . • • . • . • •
CASTINGS
X V. CORROSION AND ITS PREVENTION .
CORROSION OF DISSIMILAR METALS . .
CORROSION PROTECTION . . • • • •
CLEANING OPERATIONS . . . . • •
PLATING OPERATIONS . . . . •
ANODIC OXIDATION PROCESS . . • • TREATMENTS FOR MAGNESIUM ALLOY PARTS .
PAINTS
FINISH OF DETAIL PARTS . . . • •
XVI. WOOD AND GLUE
GENERAL USES OF WOOD . . . • •
STRUCTURE OF WOOD ..... .
STRENGTH OF WOOD . .....
STRENGTH PROPERTIES . . . . • • AIRCRAFT WOODS AND THEIR
USES . . .
SEASONING OF WOOD . .....
BENDING OF WOOD . . .....
GLUES AND GLUING . • • - • • .
PLYWOOD . . • • • • • •
XVII. FABRICS AND DOPE . . . . .
AIRPLANE FABRIC . . . • •
APPLICATION OF CLOTH SURFACES . .
DOPES AND DOPING . . • • •
XVIII. PLASTICS • . ..... •
CLASSIFICATION
THERMOPLASTICS ..... .
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS . . . .
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES . . . . .
WORKING PROPERTIES . . . . .
USES . • . . .....
XIX. TRANSPARENT MATERIALS
GLASS
TEMPERED GLASS . . . • • • TRANSPARENT PLASTICS .....
XX. SELECTION OF MATERIALS . . .
CONSIDERATIONS
SPECIFIC MATERIAL APPLICATIONS . .
CONCLUSION ..... •
APPENDIXES ....... INDEX .........

ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Round Tensile Test Specimen . . . . . .
2. Flat Tensile Test Specimen for Material over %-Inch Thick . . .
. . . . .
3. Flat Tensile Test Specimen for Material over 3/8-Inch Thick and under
11/2-Inches Wide . . . .
4. Subsize Round Tensile Test Specimen . . . .
5. Flat Tensile Test Specimen for Material %-Inch Thick and Under . .
. . . . . . . .
6. Set Method of Yield Strength Determination . .
7. Izod Impact Test Specimens . . . . . .
8. Charpy Impact Specimens . . . . . . .
9. Engine Mount . . . . . . .
10. Critical Points of Steel . . . . . .
11. Tail Wheel Assembly . . . . . . .
12. Grumman Retractable Landing Gear . . . .
13. Correct and Incorrect Directions of Grain in Forgings
14. Wire Drawing Die . . . . . . . .
15. Cold Drawing of Tubing . . . . . . .
16. Hull and Body Covering . . . . . . .
17. Hull Framing-18-8 Steel . . . . . . .
18. Skeleton Tail Assembly . . . . . . .
19. Seam Welded Fuel Tank-18-8 Steel . . .
20. Body Panel Construction . . . . . . .
21. Fleetwings' Amphibian . . . . . . .
22. Exhaust Collector . . . . . . . .
23. Skeleton Fuselage-18-8 Steel . . . . . .
24. Aileron Construction . . . . . . . .
25. Wing Construction-18-8 Steel Spot Welded • .
26. High-Temperature Properties of Inconel . . .
27. Exhaust Collector and Hotspot—Inconel . . .
28. Grumman Navy Fighter . . . . . . .
29. Grumman Monocoque Fuselage . . . .
30. Sikorsky S-41 Hull Skeleton . . . . . .
31. Edo Seaplane Float-Alclad . . . . . .
32. Wing Box Beam . . . . . . . . .
33. Aluminum Alloy Forgings . . . . . . .
34. Controllable Pitch Propeller . . . . . .
35. Hull Bulkhead . . . . . . . . .
36. Fin and Rudder . . . . . . . . .
37. Fuel Tank . . . . . . . . .
38. Engine Ring Cowl . . . . . . . .
39. Cowling and Fairing . . . . . . . .
40. Wing Ribs . . . . . . . . . .
41. Wing Tip Float and Bracing . . . . . .
42. Wing Assembly . . . . . . . . .
43. Forward End of Monocoque Fuselage Showing Tank
Installation-Aluminum Alloy . . . .
44. Sand Cast Cylinder Head . . .
45. Aluminum Alloy Die Castings . . . .
46. Stratosphere Gondola . . . . . . . .
47. Dowmetal Sand Cast Airplane Landing Wheels . .
48. Crankcase . . . . . . .
49. A Variety of Dowmetal Extruded Shapes . . .
50. Miscellaneous Engine Castings for Wright "Whirlwind" Engine .
.. . . . . . .
51. Galvanic Cell Action . . . . . .
52. Methods of Sawing Logs . . . . . .
53. Relations between Strength and Moisture Content .
54. Atmosphere Humidity vs. Wood Moisture Content .

TABLES AND APPENDIXES
1. Hardness vs. Tensile Strength-S.A.E. Steels . .
2. S.A.E. Steel Numbering System . . . . .
3. Summary of Aircraft Steels . . . . . .
4. Chemical Composition of Aircraft Steels . . .
5. Summary of Corrosion-Resisting Steels . . . .
6. Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys . . . .
7. Strain-Hardened Alloys . . . . . . .
8. Heat-Treatable Alloys . . . . . . .
9. Aluminum Alloy Specifications-Wrought . . .
10. Aluminum Alloy Specifications-Castings . . .
11. Magnesium Alloys-Chemical Composition . . .
12. Magnesium Alloys-Physical Properties . . . .
13. Strength Values of Woods for Use in Airplane Design
14. Properties of Aircraft Glues . . . . .
15. Tensile Strength of Aircraft Plywood . . . .
16. Bearing Strength of Aircraft Plywood . . . .
17. Physical Properties-Laminated Plastics . . .
Appendixes
1. Weights of Common Aircraft Materials . . . .
2. Standard Gages . . . . . . . .
3. Steel Tubing-Round . . . . . .
4. Aluminum Alloy Tubing-Round . . . . .
5. Streamline Tubing . . . . . . . . .
6. Strength of Steel Cable . . . . . . . .
7. Tie-Rods: Streamline, Round, Square . . . .