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Sukhoi Su-17/20/22
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-17
The Sukhoi Su-17 (NATO reporting name: Fitter) is a Soviet variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed from the Sukhoi Su-7. It enjoyed a long career in Soviet, later Russian, service and was widely exported to Eastern Bloc, Arab air forces, Angola and Peru as the Su-20 and Su-22. It is the first variable-sweep wing of Russian/Soviet origin. Seeking to improve low-speed and take-off/landing performance of the Su-7B fighter-bomber, in 1963 the Sukhoi OKB with input from TsAGI created a variable-sweep wing technology demonstrator. The Su-7IG (internal designation S-22I, NATO designation "Fitter-B"), converted from a production Su-7BM, had fixed inner portions of the wing with movable outer segments which could be swept to 28°, 45°, or 62°. A fixed inner wing simplified construction, allowing the manufacturer to retain the Su-7 landing gear and avoiding the need for complex pivoting underwing hardpoints, and it minimized the shift in the center of pressure relative to the center of mass with change in wing sweep. The new wing also had extensive leading-edge slats and trailing-edge flaps. Su-7IG first flew on 2 August 1966 with V. S. Ilyushin at the controls, becoming the first Soviet variable geometry aircraft. Testing revealed that take-off and landing speeds had decreased by 50–60 km/h (31–37 mph) compared to the conventional Su-7. The production aircraft was named Su-17 (NATO designation "Fitter-C", factory designation S-32) and was unofficially dubbed Strizh (?????, martlet) in service. Aside from the new wing, it differed from its predecessor Su-7 in having a new canopy and a dorsal fuselage spine for additional fuel and avionics. The Su-17 first flew on 1 July 1969 with E. K. Kukushev at the controls. A total of 2,867 Su-17 and its variants were built, of which 1,165 were exported to 15 nations. Role Fighter-bomber National origin Soviet Union Manufacturer Sukhoi First flight 2 August 1966 Introduction 1970 Status In limited service Primary users Syrian Air Force Iranian Air Force Polish Air Force Peruvian Air Force Vietnam People's Air Force Produced 1969–1990 Number built 2,867 Developed from Sukhoi Su-7 The Su-17 entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1970. The aircraft was used by both the Soviets and the Afghanistan government forces during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. High-altitude airfields and hot dusty climate created special operational challenges. In the summer, the takeoff roll of the Su-17 increased 1.5-fold and landings frequently ended with burst tires and brake fires. Avionics failures were common due to heat and sand contamination. However, the AL-21F engine proved tolerant of routine ingestion of sand and sand-contaminated fuel and by 1985 the combat readiness of the Su-17 fleet exceeded that of the Sukhoi Su-25 and the helicopters. The first-series Su-17s were quickly replaced with more capable Su-17M3 and Su-17M4. Despite its durability and payload, the aircraft proved ill-adapted for combat in the mountainous terrain due to high attack speeds, low maneuverability, and the need to stay out of range of anti-aircraft artillery due to lack of significant armor protection. Although external armor was added around the engine, hydraulics, and fuel systems based on damage analysis, this was still insufficient compared to dedicated close air support Su-25s. The appearance of MANPADS such as the Soviet-made Strela 2 (smuggled from Egypt), and the American FIM-43 Redeye and later FIM-92 Stinger, presented a new threat and forced Su-17s to even higher operational altitudes. Revised tactics and retrofit of up to 12 flare dispensers which fired automatically during the attack run proved effective, and in 1985 only one Soviet Su-17 was lost to ground fire. Forced to operate 3,500–4,000 m (11,500–13,100 ft) above ground, Su-17s shifted from using unguided rockets to bombs, including thermobaric weapons, while Su-25s were tasked with precision strikes. Toward the end of the war, the Su-17 force was partially replaced by the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-27s in order to perform operational testing of the new fighter-bomber. The Su-17M3/4 were used during the First Chechen War alongside Sukhoi Su-24s and Sukhoi Su-25s in ground attack and reconnaissance missions. In a move to eliminate single-engine strike aircraft from its inventory, the Russian Air Force retired its last Su-17M4 along with its fleet of MiG-23/27s in 1998. Specifications (Su-17M4) General characteristics Crew: 1 Length: 19.02 m (62 ft 5 in) Wingspan: With wings spread: 13.68 m (44 ft 11 in) With wings swept: 10.02 m (32 ft 10 in) Height: 5.12 m (16 ft 10 in) Wing area: With wings spread: 38.5 m² (414 ft²) With wings swept: 34.5 m² (370 ft²) Empty weight: 12,160 kg (26,810 lb) Loaded weight: 16,400 kg (36,155 lb) Max. takeoff weight: 19,430 kg (42,835 lb) Fuel capacity: 3,770 kg (8,310 lb) Powerplant: 1 × Lyulka AL-21F-3 afterburning turbojet Dry thrust: 76.4 kN (17,185 lbf) Thrust with afterburner: 109.8 kN (24,675 lbf) Performance Maximum speed: At sea level: Mach 1.13 (1,400 km/h; 870 mph) At altitude: Mach 1.51 (1,860 km/h; 1,156 mph) Combat range: 1,150 km (715 mi; 620 nmi) in hi-lo-hi attack with 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) warload Ferry range: 2,300 km (1,430 mi; 1,240 nmi) Service ceiling: 14,200 m (46,590 ft) Rate of climb: 230 m/s (45,275 ft/min) Wing loading: 443 kg/m² (90.77 lb/ft²) Thrust/weight: 0.68 Maximum g-load: 7 g Armament Guns: 2 × 30 mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30 autocannons (80 rounds per gun, 160 rounds total) UPK-23 or SPPU-22 gun pods for 2 × Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L autocannons Hardpoints: 12 hardpoints with a capacity of up to 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) of stores and provisions to carry combinations of: Missiles: Air-to-air missiles: K-13 R-60 R-73 Air-to-surface missiles: Kh-23 Grom Kh-25ML Kh-29L/T/D Anti-radiation missiles: Kh-58 Kh-27PS Kh-28 Bombs: drop bombs, laser-guided bombs, electro-optical bombs, napalm bombs, drag chute bombs and cluster bombs Air-to-surface rockets including the S-5 rocket, S-8 (rocket) & S-13 rocket systems. * |
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