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British Aerospace Hawk 200
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britis...space_Hawk_200
The British Aerospace Hawk 200 is a single-seat, single engine light multirole fighter designed for air defence, air denial, anti-shipping, interdiction, close air support, and ground attack. In 1984, British Aerospace (now BAE Systems) decided to pursue development of a combat-orientated variant of the Hawk aircraft, designated as Hawk 200; up to this point the Hawk family had been typically employed by operators as an advanced trainer with secondary combat capabilities. A single flying demonstrator aircraft was produced to support the development process. This made its first flight on 19 May 1986. Less than two months after first taking flight, the Hawk 200 demonstrator was lost in a fatal accident, killing BAe test pilot Jim Hawkins; Hawkins is alleged to have either became disoriented or to have fallen unconscious, due to g-LOC (g induced loss of consciousness), while executing high-g manoeuvres to explore the aircraft's agility. Despite the loss of the demonstrator, the company decided to proceed with the Hawk 200; by 1987, the first pre-production samples were being manufactured. In 1990, the Hawk 200 received its first order when Oman opted to procure a batch of twelve Hawk 203s, all of which were delivered by 1993. The Hawk 200 is a single-seat, single engine light multirole fighter with a small visual signature and high manoeuvrability. It has a low-mounted cantilever wing and is powered by a single turbofan engine. The Hawk 200 differs from the earlier Hawks in the sense that it has a new forward fuselage whereby the forward cockpit area which normally houses a pilot is replaced by an electronics bay for avionics and onboard systems, including a fire control computer, multi-mode radar, laser rangefinder and forward-looking infrared (FLIR). The Hawk 200 also has an upgraded wing, which in addition to four wing pylons seen in previous Hawks, also has wingtip missile support as well as greater wing area, increased wing droop, larger flaps and an optional mid-air refueling capability. Role Light multirole fighter Manufacturer British Aerospace First flight 19 May 1986 Introduction 1986 Status In service Primary users Indonesian Air Force Royal Malaysian Air Force Royal Air Force of Oman Produced 1990-2002 Number built 62 Developed from BAE Systems Hawk On 5 March 2013, amidst the 2013 Lahad Datu standoff, 5 Hawk 208s aircraft, along with 3 F-18D Hornets of the Royal Malaysian Air Force, were deployed in airstrikes on hideouts of the defunct sultanate and terrorist group Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu in Lahad Datu, Sabah Malaysia ahead of the ground assault by joint forces of the Malaysian Army and Royal Malaysia Police. The Hawk 208s flew 15 sorties, each Hawk 200 dropping Mk 82 unguided bombs in the first sortie and firing CRV7 rockets at additional ground targets on the second and third. A spokesman for Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said in a phone interview that the objective of the airstrikes was to "soften the ground before troops move in,". Variants Hawk 203 Export version for the Royal Air Force of Oman Hawk 205 Proposed export version for the Royal Saudi Air ForceHawk 208Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force; only version equipped with a mid-air refueling probe. Hawk 209 Export version for the Indonesian Air Force Specifications General characteristics Crew: 1 Length: 11.38 m (37 ft 4 in) Wingspan: 9.39 m (30 ft 10 in) Height: 4.16 m (13 ft 8 in) Wing area: 16.69 m2 (179.6 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 5.3 Empty weight: 4,128 kg (9,101 lb) Max takeoff weight: 9,101 kg (20,064 lb) Fuel capacity: 1,360 kg (3,000 lb) internal: 3,210 kg (7,080 lb) with 3 drop tanks Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour Mk 871 non-afterburning turbofan, 26 kN (5,800 lbf) thrust Performance Maximum speed: 1,037 km/h (644 mph; 560 kn) at sea level Maximum speed: Mach 1.2 (never exceed at altitude) Cruise speed: 796 km/h (495 mph; 430 kn) at 12,500 m (41,000 ft) Stall speed: 197 km/h (122 mph; 106 kn) flaps down Range: 892 km (554 mi; 482 nmi) internal fuel only Combat range: 617 km (383 mi; 333 nmi) with 3x Sea Eagle and 2x 592 l (156 US gal; 130 imp gal) Ferry range: 1,950 km (1,212 mi; 1,053 nmi) with 3 drop tanks Service ceiling: 15,250 m (50,030 ft) g limits: +8 -3 Rate of climb: 58.466 m/s (11,509.1 ft/min) Takeoff distance with maximum weapon load: 2,134 m (7,001 ft) Landing distance at maximum landing weight with brake chute: 854 m (2,802 ft) Landing distance at maximum landing weight without brake chute: 1,250 m (4,100 ft) Armament Guns: 1 × 30 mm (1.181 in) Aden cannon with 120 rounds Hardpoints: Total of 7: 4 × under-wing; and 1 × under-fuselage; and 2 × wingtip with provisions to carry combinations of: Other: Reconnaissance pod Up to 3 drop tanks for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time Rockets: SNEB CRV7 Missiles: Air-to-air missiles: AIM-120 AMRAAM Skyflash AIM-132 ASRAAM AIM-9 Sidewinder Air-to-surface missiles: AGM-65 Maverick, Anti ship missiles: Sea Eagle Bombs: Mark 82 bomb Mark 83 bomb Paveway II BL755 cluster bomb Sting Ray torpedo Avionics AN/APG-66 Marconi forward-looking infrared * |
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