The State of the Union: Lies about a Dishonest War

washingtonpost.com

America Cluster Bombs Iraq

By William M. Arkin
Special to Washingtonpost.com
Monday, February 26, 2001; 12:00 AM


News media reports last week that 50 percent of the weapons fired at Iraqi
military installations missed their so-called aimpoints obscures a more
disturbing facet of the Feb. 16 attack: The U.S. jets used cluster bombs
that have no real aimpoint and that kill and wound innocent civilians for
years to come.

This is not merely some insider detail. The choice of cluster bombs, still
unnoticed by the American media, is likely to prove controversial. The
weapon that was used in Iraq is formally known as Joint Stand-off Weapon
(JSOW,pronounced jay-sow). It was first used in combat in Iraq on January
25, 1999, when Marine Corps F-18 Hornet's fired three weapons at an air
defense site.

The missile is described by the Navy, its primary developer, and Raytheon
Systems, its manufacturer, as a long-range glide bomb. Acting Pentagon
spokesman, Navy Rear Admiral Crag Quigley primly calls it an "area
munition," doggedly avoiding the scattershot reality conveyed by the term
³cluster bomb.²
Weapon of Choice


Twenty eight JSOWs were fired by Navy aircraft in the in the Feb. 16
attack, along with guided missiles and laser-guided bombs. Pentagon
sources say that 26 of the 28 JSOWs missed their aimpoints.

The 1,000 pound, 14-foot-long weapon carries 145 anti-armor and
anti-personnel incendiary bomblets which disperse over an area that is
approximately 100 feet long and 200 feet wide. In short, this weapon,
which Quigley describes as a "long-range, precision-guided, stand-off
weapon," rains down deadly bomblets on an area the size of a football
field with six bombs falling in every 1,000 square feet. So much for
precision.

The JSOW has quickly become a top weapon of choice for Navy and Marine
Corps airplanes in the no fly zone mission for at least four reasons. It
has as a range of more than 40 nautical miles when delivered from high
altitude (20,000 feet about ground level). The dispersal of bomblets
inflicts more lasting damage than a small warhead on an anti-radiation
missile. Pilots can reprogram target coordinates right up to the moment of
launch. And because the JSOW is guided by satellite, the delivering
aircraft can "launch and leave.²

"With JSOW we can attack SAMs [surface-to-air missiles] from well outside
the threat rings and destroy rather than suppress" the target, a Navy
document notes. In other words, years of bombing in Iraq have had less
than spectacular results of Iraq¹s air defenses and the U.S. military is
looking for some way of causing more permanent damage to the country's
military capabilities.
Launch and Leave


Pilots may launch and leave, but the JSOW, like other cluster bombs, is
unforgiving once aircraft deliver them. The JSOW releases its
sub-munitions about 400 feet above its target. These bomblets are also
used in the most prevalent modern U.S. cluster bomb, the CBU-87. But
unlike the CBU-87, the JSOW does not spin to disperse its bomblets. Rather
the JSOW uses a gasbag to propel the sub-munitions outward from the sides.
Once ejected, the bomblets, each the size of soda can, simply fall freely
at the mercy of local winds. A few almost always land outside of the
center point of the football field size main concentration. On average 5
percent do not detonate. These unexploded bomblets then become highly
volatile on the ground.

Recently, U.S. Air Force engineers in Kuwait found an entire unexploded
CBU-87 at an airbase that had been attacked during the Gulf War. The
weapon had apparently malfunctioned and ripped open upon impact, burying
bomblets up to six feet deep in the vicinity. To destroy them in place, a
series of 10-foot high barriers had to be built inside a 700-foot wide
safety cordon.

Already this month, there has been one Iraqi civilian death and nine
injuries from unexploded cluster bomblets, presumably all left over from
the 1991 Gulf War. On Feb. 20, Agence France Press (AFP) reported that a
shepherd was wounded near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq when an unexploded
bomblet detonated. On Feb. 15, Reuters said two Iraqi boys in western
Iraq, also tending sheep, were injured by a cluster bomblet. On Feb. 9,
AFP reported a child was killed and six others were wounded by
sub-munitions near Basra.

February, it seems, is a fairly typical month for cluster bombs inflicting
damage on innocent civilians.
A Degrading Policy


"What we have to do is make sure we continue to tell the world that we are
not after the Iraqi people," Secretary of State Colin Powell told CNN on
Feb. 12. That is a tough task given the use of a weapon which has unique
civilian impact.

Saddam Hussein relishes the cat and mouse game in and around the "no-fly"
zones, almost welcoming bombing and civilian casualties if they will
contribute to Baghdad's strategy of breaking the international consensus
on sanctions and inspections. The use of cluster bombs against minor
out-of-the-way targets, far from doing anything to ³degrade his capacity
to harm our pilots,² as President Bush said at his Feb. 22 press
conference, actually helps Iraq to achieve its foreign policy goals.

"We think we've accomplished what we were looking for in the sense to
degrade, disrupt the ability of the Iraqi air defenses to coordinate
attacks against our aircraft," Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Gregory Newbold,
director of operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff said at the Pentagon
on the day of the strikes.

The vague objective "to degrade" is straight out of the go-nowhere Clinton
playbook. We bomb, and even if virtually all of the JSOWs miss their
aimpoints, the United States proclaims: "mission accomplished." After all,
some level of degrading of Iraqi capabilities occurred.