Accuracy of GPS in Garmin 430/530

Steven P. McNicoll wrote:

"Thomas Borchert" wrote in message
...

Because it is a handheld, which is not approved for IFR use, enroute or
approach.



No approval is required for enroute use of a handheld GPS in the US.


Handhelds are prohibited by the FAA for use in Part 121 and 135
operations with some special exceptions (require a special authorization).

Because non-commercial operators do not have ops specs that spell this
stuff out doesn't mean that primary nav equipment doesn't have to be
approved for IFR. Fact is, it does.

A handheld it simply not a piece of IFR-certified avionics, no matter
Part 91-only, or 121/135, etc.

Can a Part 91-only pilot use a hand-held to augment IFR navigation? Of
course he can. But, even then, he can run afoul of some FSDO folks if
the handheld is "installed" and used to augment IFR navigation. That
depends on the inclinations of the particular FSDO.

Steven,

No approval is required for enroute use of a handheld GPS in the US.


Hmm. I remember differently. How do you explain GPS IFR enroute
certification, which is available for some panel-mounts?

--
Thomas Borchert (EDDH)

"Sam Spade" wrote in message
news:Ho44g.174356$bm6.111656@fed1read04...

Handhelds are prohibited by the FAA for use in Part 121 and 135 operations
with some special exceptions (require a special authorization).


But they are not prohibited for use in Part 91 operations.



Because non-commercial operators do not have ops specs that spell this
stuff out doesn't mean that primary nav equipment doesn't have to be
approved for IFR. Fact is, it does.


What requires that it be approved?



A handheld it simply not a piece of IFR-certified avionics, no matter Part
91-only, or 121/135, etc.


So what?



Can a Part 91-only pilot use a hand-held to augment IFR navigation? Of
course he can. But, even then, he can run afoul of some FSDO folks if the
handheld is "installed" and used to augment IFR navigation. That depends
on the inclinations of the particular FSDO.


Handhelds are not "installed". Running afoul of some FSDO folks is a
non-issue. Their personal biases are irrelevant, what matters is what is in
the regulations.

"Thomas Borchert" wrote in message
...

Hmm. I remember differently.


So what do you remember?



How do you explain GPS IFR enroute
certification, which is available for some panel-mounts?


I assume you're referring to TSO C-129a. It exists, but it's mere existence
does not prohibit the use of equipment that hasn't been demonstrated to meet
the standard.

TSOs are not regulations, they are Technical Standard Orders. TSOs are not
binding unless there is an FAR that requires the TSO to be complied with, so
says FAR 21.601. There are TSOs in existence that cover the "approval" of a
great many things, but you don't have to use "approved" equipment in any
operation unless required to do so by the FARs. What FAR requires
compliance with TSO-C129a?


PART 21--CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTS AND PARTS


Subpart O--Technical Standard Order Authorizations


Sec. 21.601 Applicability.


[snip]


(b) For the purpose of this subpart--


[snip]


(4) An article manufactured under a TSO authorization, an FAA letter of
acceptance as described in §21.603(b), or an appliance manufactured under a
letter of TSO design approval described in §21.617 is an approved article or
appliance for the purpose of meeting the regulations of this chapter that
require the article to be approved.

Steven P. McNicoll wrote:
"Sam Spade" wrote in message
news:Ho44g.174356$bm6.111656@fed1read04...

Handhelds are prohibited by the FAA for use in Part 121 and 135 operations
with some special exceptions (require a special authorization).



But they are not prohibited for use in Part 91 operations.

They are as primary nav for IFR.



Because non-commercial operators do not have ops specs that spell this
stuff out doesn't mean that primary nav equipment doesn't have to be
approved for IFR. Fact is, it does.



What requires that it be approved?

Part 23 (for the type of aircraft we're talking about). A good avionics
shop can direct you to related ACs.



A handheld it simply not a piece of IFR-certified avionics, no matter Part
91-only, or 121/135, etc.



So what?

So, it does not satisfy Part 23, which requires that the avionics
manufacturer provide equipment (in this case) that is appropriate for
IFR operations.



Can a Part 91-only pilot use a hand-held to augment IFR navigation? Of
course he can. But, even then, he can run afoul of some FSDO folks if the
handheld is "installed" and used to augment IFR navigation. That depends
on the inclinations of the particular FSDO.



Handhelds are not "installed". Running afoul of some FSDO folks is a
non-issue. Their personal biases are irrelevant, what matters is what is in
the regulations.

Handhelds are typically not installed. But, once they are connected to
an external antenna and/or ship's power supply they are usually
considered to be installed.

Also, AIM 1-1-19:

d. General Requirements
1. Authorization to conduct any GPS operation under IFR requires that:

(a) GPS navigation equipment used must be approved in accordance with
the requirements specified in Technical Standard Order (TSO) TSO-C129,
or equivalent, and the installation must be done in accordance with
Advisory Circular AC 20-138, Airworthiness Approval of Global
Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR
Supplemental Navigation System, or Advisory Circular AC 20-130A,
Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight Management Systems
Integrating Multiple Navigation Sensors, or equivalent. Equipment
approved in accordance with TSO-C115a does not meet the requirements of
TSO-C129. Visual flight rules (VFR) and hand-held GPS systems are not
authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches, or as a principal
instrument flight reference. During IFR operations they may be
considered only an aid to situational awareness.

(b) Aircraft using GPS navigation equipment under IFR must be equipped
with an approved and operational alternate means of navigation
appropriate to the flight. Active monitoring of alternative navigation
equipment is not required if the GPS receiver uses RAIM for integrity
monitoring. Active monitoring of an alternate means of navigation is
required when the RAIM capability of the GPS equipment is lost.

(c) Procedures must be established for use in the event that the loss of
RAIM capability is predicted to occur. In situations where this is
encountered, the flight must rely on other approved equipment, delay
departure, or cancel the flight.

(d) The GPS operation must be conducted in accordance with the
FAA-approved aircraft flight manual (AFM) or flight manual supplement.
Flight crew members must be thoroughly familiar with the particular GPS
equipment installed in the aircraft, the receiver operation manual, and
the AFM or flight manual supplement. Unlike ILS and VOR, the basic
operation, receiver presentation to the pilot, and some capabilities of
the equipment can vary greatly. Due to these differences, operation of
different brands, or even models of the same brand, of GPS receiver
under IFR should not be attempted without thorough study of the
operation of that particular receiver and installation. Most receivers
have a built-in simulator mode which will allow the pilot to become
familiar with operation prior to attempting operation in the aircraft.
Using the equipment in flight under VFR conditions prior to attempting
IFR operation will allow further familiarization.

(e) Aircraft navigating by IFR approved GPS are considered to be area
navigation (RNAV) aircraft and have special equipment suffixes. File the
appropriate equipment suffix in accordance with TBL 5-1-2, on the ATC
flight plan. If GPS avionics become inoperative, the pilot should advise
ATC and amend the equipment suffix.

(f) Prior to any GPS IFR operation, the pilot must review appropriate
NOTAMs and aeronautical information. (See GPS NOTAMs/Aeronautical
Information.)

(g) Air carrier and commercial operators must meet the appropriate
provisions of their approved operations specifications.

"Sam Spade" wrote in message news:0984g.174363$bm6.171092@fed1read04...

Also, AIM 1-1-19:

d. General Requirements
1. Authorization to conduct any GPS operation under IFR requires that:

(a) GPS navigation equipment used must be approved in accordance with
the requirements specified in Technical Standard Order (TSO) TSO-C129,
or equivalent, and the installation must be done in accordance with
Advisory Circular AC 20-138, Airworthiness Approval of Global
Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR
Supplemental Navigation System, or Advisory Circular AC 20-130A,
Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight Management Systems
Integrating Multiple Navigation Sensors, or equivalent. Equipment
approved in accordance with TSO-C115a does not meet the requirements of
TSO-C129. Visual flight rules (VFR) and hand-held GPS systems are not
authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches, or as a principal
instrument flight reference. During IFR operations they may be
considered only an aid to situational awareness.

snip


If that's *the* defining statement, then I must not be authorized to operate
under IFR with my equipment which is certified under TSO-C146a,
Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment using the Global Positioning
System (GPS) Augmented by the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).
But I think I am so authorized.
Must we say once again that the AIM is not regulatory?

"Steven P. McNicoll" wrote in message
ink.net...

"Bob Noel" wrote in message
...

where is "enroute use" defined?


Dictionary


Oh, Steven!!!

You had the PERFECT chance to reply: "Google is your friend"

but you didn't take it. Rats.

John R. Copeland wrote:

"Sam Spade" wrote in message news:0984g.174363$bm6.171092@fed1read04...

Also, AIM 1-1-19:

d. General Requirements
1. Authorization to conduct any GPS operation under IFR requires that:

(a) GPS navigation equipment used must be approved in accordance with
the requirements specified in Technical Standard Order (TSO) TSO-C129,
or equivalent, and the installation must be done in accordance with
Advisory Circular AC 20-138, Airworthiness Approval of Global
Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR
Supplemental Navigation System, or Advisory Circular AC 20-130A,
Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight Management Systems
Integrating Multiple Navigation Sensors, or equivalent. Equipment
approved in accordance with TSO-C115a does not meet the requirements of
TSO-C129. Visual flight rules (VFR) and hand-held GPS systems are not
authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches, or as a principal
instrument flight reference. During IFR operations they may be
considered only an aid to situational awareness.

snip


If that's *the* defining statement, then I must not be authorized to operate
under IFR with my equipment which is certified under TSO-C146a,
Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment using the Global Positioning
System (GPS) Augmented by the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).
But I think I am so authorized.
Must we say once again that the AIM is not regulatory?

I suppose your 146 equipment is "equivalent."

Keep in mind the FAA does not do a perfect job of keeping the AIM
current. And, of course, it is not regulatory, but it is sometimes
directive and a focal point to provide information to pilots.

The regulatory vehicle for your installation is via the approved
installation process a la Part 23.

In article . net,
"Steven P. McNicoll" wrote:

where is "enroute use" defined?

Dictionary

yeah. that's good. Is that where you get your definition
of "night", "pilot-in-command", etc?

--
Bob Noel
Looking for a sig the
lawyers will hate