"BT" wrote in
:

you look at the chart
you look at the ground
you navigate by pilotage

"Mxsmanic" wrote in message
...
I see tons of restricted areas, MOAs, Class B, C, D, E airspace, and
the like on charts, but no clear indication of how to locate the
boundaries of these areas other than by pure guesstimate based on
looking at the chart. On rare occasions I see a radial noted as the
boundary of an area, or a radius, but in many cases there is nothing.
How in the world are you supposed to know when you are inside or
outside one of these areas, if you are not flying miles away from
them?

Yes, GPS units and some other devices may provide real-time display of
one's position with these areas superimposed, but such devices have
not always been available.

--
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It seems that GPS is leading to MORE intrusions of restricted
airspace. There was a notice sent out by FAASafety.gov based on 19
incursions into to the Nellis Air Force Base restricted airspace so far
this year. This notice was sent out October 19th and again on November
1st. They mentioned that most of the restricted airspace incursions were
with aircraft on the Beatty/Tonopah VFR corridor.

Two sentences from this notice: "It appears airmen are failing to use
basic VFR navigation and map reading skills. Instead, in most
circumstances, they are using GPS devices to navigate to and from Las
Vegas, NV.".

I've only flown the Beaty/Tonopah VFR corridor once. It took about 15
seconds with the charts to learn that all I needed to do to avoid this
restricted airspace was to stay west of highway 95. There was no need to
have a GPS, loran, VOR, or ADF to avoid penetrating the multiple restricted
airspaces north of Nellis.

--
Marty Shapiro
Silicon Rallye Inc.

(remove SPAMNOT to email me)