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"Paul J. Adam" wrote:
In message , Kevin Brooks writes Plus it never ceases to amaze me the number of folks who think that (a) bringing in enough aluminum matting (and we don't use PSP anymore) to build a fighter strip is a piece of cake (and trying to support a C-5 on one is a mean proposition), (b) installing the matting is all there is to it (no cut/fill, drainage work, or subbabse and base course prep required), getting the requisite engineer equipment and units into the site is an easy matter, and (d) this will all happen over a matter of a day or two. Laying in a fighter-length strip from scaratch is a *major* engineer operation, and quite different from that required to construct a minimum length rough field C-130 strip. Compare this with the effort needed to create HMS Sheathbill in the Falklands (which was a basic "land, refuel, leave or GLI" strip). Uh-huh. Minimum size for a C-130 capable airstrip is considered to be 3,000' x 60'. AM-2 weighs 140 lb. for a 12' x 2' strip, not counting attachments and holddowns. HMS Sheathbill was relatively convenient, being almost right on the shoreline. It was recce'd by the head of the Engineer Squadron on D+1 (he'd also examined an old Auster strip at San Carlos settlement, but it was too soft for Harriers even with AM-2), the 11,000 AM-2 planks needed were unloaded from RFA Stromness beginning on D+2, and it was finished on D+12. It was only 860 feet long with two VL pads and a parking/fueling loop for 4 a/c, and fuel bladders both on shore and floating in San Carlos Water, topped up from the RFAs (the rest of the AM-2 matting to expand the runway/parking area, as well as much a/c spares etc. went down in Atlantic Conveyor). It's *much* easier to pick a stretch of highway, fly in fuel bladders and maybe ordnance & first-line servicing - than to build a fixed-wing CTOL strip from scratch (lots of supplies and equipment needed just to build the runway before anything else arrives) To be precise, quoting now from the MEF Planning Manual Staff Planning Factors: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- "Expeditionary Airfield (EAF). The EAF consists of two hundred and eighty containers of equipment and provides the capability to build a notional EAf 2000. This capability is designated to include: 96 foot wide by 3,850 ft. long runway, 75 parking spaces for tactical aircraft, 3 parking spaces for tactical aircraft, fueling area and revetments, airfield lighting and visual landing aids, and arrester gear. The EAF is normally spread to three ships in the [pre-positioning] squadron in three modules, which support the following: "Ship 1: 471,683 SQFT. Parking, R/W [Guy: Rotary wing] Fuel Pit, Runway to support 18 CH-53s, 18 MV-22s/CH-46s, 24 A/UH-1s. "Ship 2: 445,000 SQFT. Parking, R/W Fuel Pit, Runway to support 12 CH-53s, 12 MV-22s/CH-46s, 12 A/UH-1s. "Ship 3: 445,000 SQFT. Parking, F/W [Fixed-wing] Fuel Pit, Runway to support 20 AV-8Bs, 14 F-18. "Any reduction in the equipment identified will result in an equivalent reduction in capability (e.g. shorter/narrower runway, less parking, or no arrester gear). Three ships together can be configured to support C-5 aircraft." ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Going all-STOVL a/c means no need for arrester gear. It took the brits a couple of weeks to install arrester gear at Port Stanley airfield in the immediate aftermath of the war, owing to the mud, lack of drainage, and cold weather. And how long does it take to put a FARP/FOB together, if they have to lay a runway? Let's take a representative example, one for AV-8Bs: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72' x 960' runway with 2 integral 96' x 96' VTOL pads. Parking hides for 11 AV-8B (designed for 32' x 56'). Net explosive weight of 3,000 lb. considered for each a/c. Subgrade prepared to a minimum of CBR 25. Requires (1 each) F70 - Field Tool Kit (267 pieces) F71 - 12' AM2 Mat (267) pieces F72 - 6' AM2 Mat. (6 sets) Anchors and Accessories (6 sets) F77 - H-connectors Site preparation: A crew of 15 working 10 hrs per day can complete in 5 days with: 2 graders 2 dump trucks 2 compactors 1 D7 dozer 2 TRAMs w/buckets 3 6-10k forklifts Installation: A crew of 36 working 10 hrs a day can complete in 3 days. Note: The EAF concept allows for an infinite number of configurations. The three configurations used in this table [I've left out the other two] do not represent any standard airfield configuration. There is no standard EAF configuration. Per the AM-2 Tech Manual, a 16 man crew can install 3,300 ft.^2 per hour. --------------------------------------------------------------------- You could go somehat narrower for a FARP and do without the hides, but needless to say laying down a runway and parking pads boosts the logistic and time burden, which is why you don't want to do it if you don't have to. This is one reason why the Marines are looking at a V/STOL transport with the load capability of a C-130. The USMC's AV-8Bs did this to very good effect in 1991, for instance. Using a helicopter airfield with a 6,000 foot runway in very poor repair, about half of which was usable. They also operated from poor condition forward airfields in Iraq this past year, with fuel, weapons and sparesapparently brought in mostly by truck. Guy |
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Guy Alcala wrote:
snip To be precise, quoting now from the MEF Planning Manual Staff Planning Factors: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- "Expeditionary Airfield (EAF). The EAF consists of two hundred and eighty containers of equipment and provides the capability to build a notional EAf 2000. This capability is designated to include: 96 foot wide by 3,850 ft. long runway, 75 parking spaces for tactical aircraft, 3 parking spaces for tactical aircraft, That last should read "3 parking spaces for transport aircraft". Guy |
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![]() "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message ... On 2/28/04 1:54 PM, in article , "Kevin Brooks" wrote: "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message SNIP snip Logic fault. You are claiming that because it was allegedly not required in this instance, it will never be required. Kind of hard to support that kind of argument. Given a scenario like Afghanistan, where the CAS assets had to transit great distances to and from the required area of operations, the ability to get STOVL assets into the A/O early in the campaign could be a big advantage, and reduces the load on the other assets (like those F-15E's and F-16's transiting out of the Gulf area). If it is unnecessary, why is the USAF now joining the STOVL bandwagon--merely to make nice with their USMC brethren? Precisely... With one important distinction they're more than likely hoping to take their USMC brethren's place and to keep unit costs down by ensuring that the STOVL version doesn't get axed. That is so far out of reason it is unbelievable. Firstly, if the STOVL version were axed, the USMC would just buy one of the other two versions--they will have to replace those old F/A-18's and (by then) AV-8B's with *something*, so there is no merit to this strange theory you have postulated. Secondly, axing of the STOVL would be unlikely anyway, because the RN/RAF have placed their bets on that version. Have you got any *reasonable* reasons why the USAF would allegedly just toss away a few billion bucks on STOVL aircraft it really does not want? I doubt that. Is STVL the way to go for all TACAIR? Of course not. But eliminating it just reduces your own versatility, and that would not be a wise move in the current environment of uncertainty (as regards where/when/how we'll have to fight). Brooks What I'm claiming is that STOVL is still risky technology that kills too many pilots in peace time and offers too little benefit in war time for that cost. Any evidence that STOVL kills more pilots than other fast jets? Or any evidence that the F-35B is inherently unsafe or "risky" technology? ISTR the STOVL X-35 demonstrator did pretty well... Brooks --Woody |
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![]() "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message ... On 2/28/04 6:42 PM, in article , "Kevin Brooks" wrote: "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message ... On 2/28/04 1:54 PM, in article , "Kevin Brooks" wrote: Kevin, it's funny how you conveniently snipped the part of my post you couldn't defend. Not at all; your argument was so lacking in logic that I saw little reason to bother. But if you are so interested in improving yourself, here goes: "CAS is available immediately because it is capping nearby--not because it is on some Harrier or STOVL F-35 that's on a mesh field getting fueled and loaded. It is a function of proper planning, sufficient numbers of aircraft, and a good DASC." What you ignore is that the "capping" (by which you actually menat "stacking", I presume) is utterly dependent upon a number of external factors that don't necessarily impact the operations of a STOVL aircraft. You have to have tankers to support the CAS stack--tankers are a commodity that is becoming more critical these days, and less available. You have to have bases within range to support continuous operations. The heavies have less problem with this, but then again we don't have a limitless supply of heavies, and they *do* have some limits (hard to have a heavy do a Maverick run). How many F-16's or even F-15E's do you have to have running continuous operations to support a very long range CAS mission (like Afghanistan from the Gulf)? Lots if yo0u are going to maintain a continuous CAS stack, and *lots* of crews, too. Plus more tankers. And if you find yourself a bit farther away than that Gulf-to Afghanistan trasit distance, then supporting the CAS requirement becomes even more tenuous, if not impossible. OTOH, if you establish a forward landing strip to handle C-130's bringging in the beans, bullets, and bombs, you can also put a few STOVL aircraft in there, set up FARP's closer to the action, and (voila!", you just reduced your tanking requirements while also making the CAS package more responsive to the ground commander's needs. He wants some CBU-105's in the mix? The F-15E flying from Bumfart 1200 miles distant, on station with GBU's, is not going to be able to help him much, and by the time he gets a new aircraft on station the target is gone. OTOH, he gets his STOVL aircraft to hit the FARP for a couple of CBU 105's, and bingo, he's in business. That is so far out of reason it is unbelievable. Firstly, if the STOVL version were axed, the USMC would just buy one of the other two versions--they will have to replace those old F/A-18's and (by then) AV-8B's with *something*, so there is no merit to this strange theory you have postulated. Secondly, axing of the STOVL would be unlikely anyway, because the RN/RAF have placed their bets on that version. Have you got any *reasonable* reasons why the USAF would allegedly just toss away a few billion bucks on STOVL aircraft it really does not want? It was actually YOU that suggested that the USAF was trying to make nice with the USMC. No, it was not. I was being quite facetious with that query. That you found it palusible is rather telling of your grasp of this situation. Firstly, if the STOVL version were axed, the USMC would most definitely buy CV versions in reduced numbers, still driving up the unit costs. Secondly, I never said the USAF didn't want the STOVL version. They've realized during OIF that CAS and their TACP program is essential to warfare, and they see STOVL and forward basing as a way to get on board. They are already onboard. They just seem to grasp the importance of being more versatile a bit better than you do. Any evidence that STOVL kills more pilots than other fast jets? Or any evidence that the F-35B is inherently unsafe or "risky" technology? ISTR the STOVL X-35 demonstrator did pretty well... Brooks Are you joking? How long have you been around Naval Aviation? When I was at China Lake (for 3 years) we had two class A mishaps (in our manned aircraft... not counting the drones)--both were Harriers--at least one pilot was a TPS grad. For one of the pilots, it was his second ejection from the AV-8B. The other died in a later AV-8B mishap after he'd returned to the fleet. We had one class B mishap--a Harrier. The first guy I knew of from flight school to die in an aircraft accident? Harrier. The only flight school classmate I know who was a POW during DS? Harrier. (Sorry, that last one shouldn't count... Not unique to the STOVL discussion. I was on a roll.) Meaningless. Compare the accident rates per hours flown and get back to me. Then tell us how that applies to the F-35B, a different aircraft with a different lift system. According to a brief by the Navy's Aviation Safety School given a few years back, pilots across the TACAIR spectrum with 500 hours or less accounted for 29% of the general pilot population but were at the controls of 46% of the "Skill Based Error" mishaps. If you split out the AV-8B community, the percentage of less than 500 hours is 36% and they're responsible for 67% of the mishaps. Conclusions: (1) experience counts. (2) the Harrier is a more difficult aircraft to fly. This doesn't account for material failures etc. So flying the AV-8B is more demanding of new pilots. Hardly an indictment of the STOVL concept itself. I don't know the actual rates, but the Harrier's have consistently been higher than fleet average. Then there's common sense. Slow an F-35 down to near stall while simultaneously opening an upper intake door and engaging a power take-off that activates a lift fan. Meanwhile rotate the exhaust nozzle in the back of the jet through two axes. Any one of these single components fails, and there's going to be trouble. If a helos rotor falls off, it crashes, too. Still kind of a rare event. If the F-16's engine dies and can't be restarted, it crashes. So? These opinions of mine were not generated in a vacuum. They were formed through years of operating TACAIR aircraft--occasionally around Harriers... when they weren't falling out of the sky around me. (Sorry, more rant... and attempted dark humor.) There's little doubt in my mind that the F-35 STOVL will be a better platform than the AV-8B, but any slight gain in flexibility of use is still not worth the risk and the cost when compared to a less risky CV or CTOL version. Unless you can't support the operation adequately with the CTOL aircraft. Brooks Now ask me if I think it's a good idea that the F-35 is a single engine aircraft or whether I think it's a good idea that the Navy guys have decided not to put an internal gun on their version. --Woody |
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Doug \"Woody\" and Erin Beal wrote:
On 2/28/04 1:54 PM, in article , "Kevin Brooks" wrote: "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message SNIP The groundpounder who wants responsive CAS available *immediately* throughout an operation would differ with you as to whether having an asset capable of hitting a FARP and returning quickly to station is just "nice to have". CAS is available immediately because it is capping nearby--not because it is on some Harrier or STOVL F-35 that's on a mesh field getting fueled and loaded. It is a function of proper planning, sufficient numbers of aircraft, and a good DASC. That also assumes that sufficient numbers of tankers and sufficient bed-down space for them will be available, both of which were in short supply last year. In 1991, because we had access to Saudi and Turkish bases, the USAF was able to put 350 tankers on just 5 airbases. Last year, they only had 200 tankers (plus 100 for the airbridge; others were supporting ops in Afghanistan and the Horn of Africa), and had to scatter them on 15 airbases. Because of the lack of ramp space, the marines graded a FOB in the northern Kuwaiti desert with a parallel pair of 6,000 foot dirt runways, where they based many of their KC-130s and helos. In addition, they offloaded the helos, men and equipment from two LHA/LHDs, operating each of them with a full AV-8B squadron, just so they wouldn't take up space on an airfield in Kuwait that was needed by the CTOL aircraft. The USAF weren't the only ones with tanker problems. From an article in the April 14th, 2003 AvLeak, "Lessons Learned", pg. 26, by AvLeak's correspondent at a Marine airbase in Kuwait: "Its air campaign has been shaped to a large extent by the fact that the service has only 24 KC-130 tankers in the region, a relatively small number compared with the number of strike aircraft it has assembled. What further complicated the tanker issue is that most KC-130 sorties were dedicated to transporting fuel for helicopters, as well as tanks and other ground vehicles, to forward areas. It is a "rare occurence" for a Marine F/A-18 or AV-8B to be refueled in the air, said a senior Marine Air Group 13 representative, who described the tanker shortage as 'huge'. Problems the USAF has had with its own tankers -- such as poor availability because of the age of the KC-135s -- have exacerbated the dilemma, Marine Corps officials asserted. 'Tanking was very limited,' one Royal Air Force Harrier pilot noted . . . . "Without refueling, fixed-wing a/c operating from here can only fly over Baghdad or points north for a few minutes before having to return to base. Pilots from Harrier squadron VMA-214 noted that without aerial refueling, they had little time to find targets in the 30 x 30-mi. 'kill boxes' set up around Baghdad. "The Marines hope to mitigate the problem by establishing forward operating bases for AV-8Bs and potential F/A-18s. For its helicopter force, the Marines have already built an extensive series of [FARPs]. So far, the Marines have built more than 10 FARPs and have even closed down the first few that are no longer tactically relevant." They definitely established a Harrier FARP and were sitting ground alert and/or turning AV-8Bs at an airfield east of the Euphrates that the marines had captured on their way to Baghdad. I don't know which airfield, because the AvLeak guy wasn't allowed to identify it during the war, but I suspect it was around al-Kut. Which is why the V/STOL F-35 is unnecessary. Logic fault. You are claiming that because it was allegedly not required in this instance, it will never be required. Kind of hard to support that kind of argument. Given a scenario like Afghanistan, where the CAS assets had to transit great distances to and from the required area of operations, the ability to get STOVL assets into the A/O early in the campaign could be a big advantage, and reduces the load on the other assets (like those F-15E's and F-16's transiting out of the Gulf area). If it is unnecessary, why is the USAF now joining the STOVL bandwagon--merely to make nice with their USMC brethren? Precisely... With one important distinction they're more than likely hoping to take their USMC brethren's place and to keep unit costs down by ensuring that the STOVL version doesn't get axed. And you don't think the fact that they were turning A-10s at an FOB in Iraq (a somewhat worse for wear Tallil airbase, IIRR) to avoid the extra 100-130 mile one-way trip back to Kuwait, played any part in their deciding that being able to operate out of austere forward locations (by buying some F-35Bs) might be a good thing? I doubt that. Is STVL the way to go for all TACAIR? Of course not. But eliminating it just reduces your own versatility, and that would not be a wise move in the current environment of uncertainty (as regards where/when/how we'll have to fight). Brooks What I'm claiming is that STOVL is still risky technology that kills too many pilots in peace time and offers too little benefit in war time for that cost. And let's not forget how dangerous that helo VTOL technology is, so let's get rid of the helos while we're at it. Hell, those things have been dropping like flies. Guy |
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On 2/28/04 11:06 PM, in article
, "Guy Alcala" wrote: Doug \"Woody\" and Erin Beal wrote: On 2/28/04 1:54 PM, in article , "Kevin Brooks" wrote: "Doug "Woody" and Erin Beal" wrote in message SNIP The groundpounder who wants responsive CAS available *immediately* throughout an operation would differ with you as to whether having an asset capable of hitting a FARP and returning quickly to station is just "nice to have". CAS is available immediately because it is capping nearby--not because it is on some Harrier or STOVL F-35 that's on a mesh field getting fueled and loaded. It is a function of proper planning, sufficient numbers of aircraft, and a good DASC. That also assumes that sufficient numbers of tankers and sufficient bed-down SNIPPAGE... Lots of tanker stats on their way to Baghdad. I don't know which airfield, because the AvLeak guy wasn't allowed to identify it during the war, but I suspect it was around al-Kut. There's a shortage of USAF tankers in EVERY conflict--especially since the demise of the A-6 and proliferation of the Hornet. Citing AV-8B ops in OIF is only slightly relevant. Of course, if you have STOVL capability, use it (OIF)--providing the threat will permit it. You've already sunk the blood sweat and tears into it. My point is, the excessive risk in peace time and the reduction in payload/range isn't worth the small war time advantage, and the outcome of OIF would not have changed significantly had the Harriers not been around to help out. Yes, it's romantic to operate from austere bases in country... Leap-frogging your way to Bagdad. No, it's not worth the risk/hassle. SNIP And you don't think the fact that they were turning A-10s at an FOB in Iraq (a somewhat worse for wear Tallil airbase, IIRR) to avoid the extra 100-130 mile one-way trip back to Kuwait, played any part in their deciding that being able to operate out of austere forward locations (by buying some F-35Bs) might be a good thing? Given the timeline, I donąt think that particular example is why there's a STOVL F-35 being built. Although I'm fairly certain this is why the USAF is jumping on the STOVL bandwagon. Frankly, I think the A-10 (or some other low/slow/straight-wing design) is a better platform for what we're talking about. SNIP What I'm claiming is that STOVL is still risky technology that kills too many pilots in peace time and offers too little benefit in war time for that cost. And let's not forget how dangerous that helo VTOL technology is, so let's get rid of the helos while we're at it. Hell, those things have been dropping like flies. Guy Guy, that's just ridiculous. Helos actually have a bona fide mission--and can auto-rotate. Why would you want to get rid of them? --Woody |
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