I'm going to "Laser" a pilot.

The convention mentioned (Protocol IV)

I believe you mean, "alluded to," "inferred" or "referenced," because I
did not mention any convention beyond the Geneva Convention.

does not prohibit non-eye-safe lasers on the battlefield.

I've heard that on this forum. I cannot state authoritatively the
reason that my employer told me something different than you are
telling me.

It does prohibit the building of specific
use laser devices to intentionally blind people or use an existing
device to intentionally blind people. It does not cover the
accidental
blinding of personnel as a result of the legitimate use of a laser
device (ie rangefinding or target designation). In any event there
are
only 79 countries that have ratified the protocol (introduced in
1998)
and to date the US is not one of them.

Maybe so, but part of the military's decision not to use non-eye-safe
lasers in battlefield conditions probably involves protecting our own
soldiers. As I understand it, none of our own military personnel are
allowed outside or anywhere they might be exposed to the beam when
using the YAG laser range finder.

"AN/PVS-6, MINI EYESAFE LASER INFRARED"
http://www.globalsecurity.org/milita...d/an-pvs-6.htm

BTW, as it happens, Sam's Laser FAQ includes a description of the unit
I was building. I don't recall ever seeing the final assembly, but I
sure recognize the oscillator sub-assembly.

"Photos of Varo Rangefinder Erbium Laser"
http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/...c/varopics.htm

Please refer to the following photo:

http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/...ic/varo-lh.jpg

Notice the gold-colored section in the foreground with wires leading
out of both ends. My job was to assemble at least ten (10) of those
every day. I built them up on a base block, using a special jig that
appeared to be manufactured out of monel. It consists of two eliptical,
gold-plated reflectors; the Cr:Er:Glass rod (bottom of the elipse, and
about the dimensions of an ink pen refill cartridge); the flashlamp
(top of the elipse, about the size of a pencil); two metal support
arms; two sets of rubber grommets for sealing the rod and flashlamp
into the assembly via the metal support arms.

I had to inspect under a microscope each laser rod that I used. First,
I had to ensure that the ends of the rod had no more than an acceptable
number of inclusions (bright stars in the field of view of the
microscope) and scratches. Then, I had to use several types of solvents
and some lens tissue to clean the ends of the rod. I had to use the
microscope to ensure that my cleaning had been satisfactory. I placed
the rod in a V-shaped holder in the jig. The assembly would be built up
around it.

The grommets were tough to put on the laser rod. They were made of
rubber, which meant that they would contaminate the ends of the rod if
they touched each other. It is difficult to slip a grommet over a tiny
glass rod without allowing the grommet to touch the end of the rod. The
grommets, themselves, had to be cleaned prior to use, too, and might be
slippery from the solvents. I had to wear finger cots and use tweezers
to handle the laser rod and grommets, and I had to change out my finger
cots every 10 or 15 minutes to prevent my skin oils from contaminating
the laser rod.

Our materials suffered from various defects. The laser rods cost about
$800, and most were coated by a third party. My employer tried to coat
some of the rods, using our own optical shop up the hall. The results
were horrible. Under the microscope some of the rods had just a few
"stars." I understood those were coated by the third party. Other rods
looked like a sea of stars. I understood those were rejected rods that
our optical department had tried to salvage.

The flashlamps cost about $50. Our electronics shop brazed the
electrodes, but the results were often a brittle connection. If an
electrode broke off during assembly of the laser cavity, the cavity had
to be dis-assembled and rebuilt with a new flashlamp. This counted
against the 10 units that I had to assemble each day.

I found it expediant to bend the wires of the flashlamps "gently" when
I took them out of the supply bin, so I could eliminate the brittle
connections before I began assembly. My supervisor eventually noticed
that I was rejecting a lot of flashlamps, and told me not to test them
so aggressively. Of course, those wires could snap later during
testing, but that would not be my immediate problem. And, as long as
our units made it to out troops, breakage was not our problem at all.
However, very few of our units actually shipped. Most failed in
environmental testing.

After I finished building each laser cavity on its block, I placed the
unit on a cart. The next team took these units into a dark room, where
the optics were tested and aligned. Somewhere along that time, the
units were taken off the block I had used and were mounted on the plate
that you see in the photograph. I remember seeing the rotating mirror
(the Q-switch) and the circuit board, but that was a few yards farther
down the room from my workstation, so I did not see it very often. Most
of the time, I had my head stuck in the flowhood, "putting little
screws into little holes," as I like to put it.

That's a wonderful description of your assembly and QA procedures.

Could be immortalized in the Laser FAQ.

--- sam | Sci.Electronics.Repair FAQ Mirror: http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/
Repair | Main Table of Contents: http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/REPAIR/
+Lasers | Sam's Laser FAQ: http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/lasersam.htm
| Mirror Sites: http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/REPAIR/F_mirror.html

Note: These links are hopefully temporary until we can sort out the excessive
traffic on Repairfaq.org.

Important: Anything sent to the email address in the message header above is
ignored unless my full name is included in the subject line. Or, you can
contact me via the Feedback Form in the FAQs.

writes:

BTW, as it happens, Sam's Laser FAQ includes a description of the unit
I was building. I don't recall ever seeing the final assembly, but I
sure recognize the oscillator sub-assembly.

"Photos of Varo Rangefinder Erbium Laser"
http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/...c/varopics.htm

Please refer to the following photo:

http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/...ic/varo-lh.jpg

Notice the gold-colored section in the foreground with wires leading
out of both ends. My job was to assemble at least ten (10) of those
every day. I built them up on a base block, using a special jig that
appeared to be manufactured out of monel. It consists of two eliptical,
gold-plated reflectors; the Cr:Er:Glass rod (bottom of the elipse, and
about the dimensions of an ink pen refill cartridge); the flashlamp
(top of the elipse, about the size of a pencil); two metal support
arms; two sets of rubber grommets for sealing the rod and flashlamp
into the assembly via the metal support arms.

I had to inspect under a microscope each laser rod that I used. First,
I had to ensure that the ends of the rod had no more than an acceptable
number of inclusions (bright stars in the field of view of the
microscope) and scratches. Then, I had to use several types of solvents
and some lens tissue to clean the ends of the rod. I had to use the
microscope to ensure that my cleaning had been satisfactory. I placed
the rod in a V-shaped holder in the jig. The assembly would be built up
around it.

The grommets were tough to put on the laser rod. They were made of
rubber, which meant that they would contaminate the ends of the rod if
they touched each other. It is difficult to slip a grommet over a tiny
glass rod without allowing the grommet to touch the end of the rod. The
grommets, themselves, had to be cleaned prior to use, too, and might be
slippery from the solvents. I had to wear finger cots and use tweezers
to handle the laser rod and grommets, and I had to change out my finger
cots every 10 or 15 minutes to prevent my skin oils from contaminating
the laser rod.

Our materials suffered from various defects. The laser rods cost about
$800, and most were coated by a third party. My employer tried to coat
some of the rods, using our own optical shop up the hall. The results
were horrible. Under the microscope some of the rods had just a few
"stars." I understood those were coated by the third party. Other rods
looked like a sea of stars. I understood those were rejected rods that
our optical department had tried to salvage.

The flashlamps cost about $50. Our electronics shop brazed the
electrodes, but the results were often a brittle connection. If an
electrode broke off during assembly of the laser cavity, the cavity had
to be dis-assembled and rebuilt with a new flashlamp. This counted
against the 10 units that I had to assemble each day.

I found it expediant to bend the wires of the flashlamps "gently" when
I took them out of the supply bin, so I could eliminate the brittle
connections before I began assembly. My supervisor eventually noticed
that I was rejecting a lot of flashlamps, and told me not to test them
so aggressively. Of course, those wires could snap later during
testing, but that would not be my immediate problem. And, as long as
our units made it to out troops, breakage was not our problem at all.
However, very few of our units actually shipped. Most failed in
environmental testing.

After I finished building each laser cavity on its block, I placed the
unit on a cart. The next team took these units into a dark room, where
the optics were tested and aligned. Somewhere along that time, the
units were taken off the block I had used and were mounted on the plate
that you see in the photograph. I remember seeing the rotating mirror
(the Q-switch) and the circuit board, but that was a few yards farther
down the room from my workstation, so I did not see it very often. Most
of the time, I had my head stuck in the flowhood, "putting little
screws into little holes," as I like to put it.

That's a wonderful description of your assembly and QA procedures.

Thanks, Sam. I'm sure this will find its way into my online diary, one
of these days (it's only been 10 years since I worked there!). There is
more I could add to it, but that's more along the lines of what life
was like at that time and place than technical description.

Erm... maybe I should add something about the QA Department? I don't
have a lot of technical details I could add, but the gossip would be
fine.

Could be immortalized in the Laser FAQ. :

It gives me great satisfaction that I can Google my name in your FAQ.
Thank you for quoting me in the past, and I look forward to being of
service to you in the future.

In article . com,
wrote:

That's a wonderful description of your assembly and QA procedures.

For the record, I enjoyed it a lot also (though I've been having to
follow it as an OT discussion in r.a.p. since the Stanford Univ news
server doesn't get alt.lasers -- want to try sci.optics, who might like
it also?)

For the record, I enjoyed it a lot also

Thank you, AES.

(though I've been having to follow it as an OT discussion
in r.a.p. since the Stanford Univ news server doesn't get alt.lasers
--
want to try sci.optics, who might like it also?)

I haven't figure out how to get this new Google interface to
cross-post.

There is more I should say about the gold reflectors that make up the
walls of the oscillating cavity. I don't remember just now (though I
may have recorded it in my private diary) what the base metal is that
makes up the reflectors. The coating is gold.

The reflectors came to us the way all the other parts did, that is, in
a bucket that was placed on a shelf of left on a cart. The reflectors
were stacked on top of each other, with lens paper separating each
reflector half, and each half was identitical by design. Their smooth,
shiny, clean surfaces were beautiful. I had more of a chance to admire
their beauty as I had to clean each reflector with solvents prior to
assembly.

A third party originally gold-plated the reflectors, but my company
shifted to coating them in-house. I was impressed with the coating
quality, considering the trouble we had with the laser rods. But, I did
not have to examine the reflectos under a microscope for imperfections.
Even so, there were still issues with the coating.

There are tabs on the ends of the reflectors, which are supposed to fit
into slots set within the end pieces. Metal, mostly the gold-plating,
tended to build up on the tabs. Sometimes, the coatings were too thick
to allow the two halves to fit together inside the slot. In that case,
we had to file a little bit of the coating from the tabs. We had to be
careful not to file down to the deepest base level (I believe there
were three layers of metal making up the reflectors) or scratch the
inside surface of the reflectors. Fortunately, it was not difficult to
file down the reflectors according to specification, and I don't recall
any reflectors rejected due to filing.

I used a lens tissue to wipe up the filings from my workbench. I
thought the gold in them might eventually become a significant amount,
but it never did, as my supervisors had predicted.

" Spewed...and was shut down.



If your assembly skills are as good as your grammar skills, our poor
troops are screwed. Here's a hint, I won't even charge a fee for. But
yourself a Thesaurus.
BTW, I call B.S. on your story. I know our Government farms out to the
lowest bidder. But damn, your a full blown tard. Surely they would
not allow you to build field gear...surely...

wrote in message news:

BTW, I call B.S. on your story. I know our Government farms out to the
lowest bidder.

BWAHAHAHAHAHA!!!

moo

wrote in message
ups.com...
" Spewed...and was shut down.



If your assembly skills are as good as your grammar skills, our poor
troops are screwed. Here's a hint, I won't even charge a fee for. But
yourself a Thesaurus.


But yourself a Thesaurus? But yourself a proofreader!

I have one, but your mom couldn't see the screen very well with her
mouth full and all...