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T o d d P a t t i s t wrote:
Bruce wrote: In this regime the contribution of upper surface lift is apparently no less than 1/3 of the total, and at low angle of attack it may be greater than 50%. I'm interested in where you got these figures. The numbers I've seen put the contribution from the upper surface at normally somewhat greater than 50%, although these were numbers for general aviation, not laminar flow sailplane airfoils/wings. My personal opinion on the original question is that the Bernoulli and Newtonian explanations are complementary. They both explain 100% of the lift, but some people understand one better than the other. I'm also of the opinion that the Newtonian "air gets pushed down" explanation is easier to misunderstand and/or misapply to aviation than the Bernoulli form, so I prefer starting with Bernoulli. It's hard to explain why the contour of the upper surface is so critical to flight if you focus on Newtonian "pushing air down," which is usually understood as implicating only the lower surface of the wing. OK - I consider myself chastised on the momentum thing. I know it is transfer of momentum, but then you have to explain momentum. "Energy" is easier for the luddites. The range of coeficient of lift contribution came from my (mis-)understanding of Dr Fred Thomas's "Fundamentals of Sailplane Design" + John D Anderson's "Fundamentals of Aerodynamics" Both of which get past my mathematical fundament quite easily... -- Bruce Greeff Std Cirrus #57 I'm no-T at the address above. |
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