The Impossibility of Flying Heavy Aircraft Without Training

I think you are refering to Newton's third law, often stated as: "For
every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Yes.

For an aircraft in level flight, the upwards acceleration due to lift
is counterbalanced by the downward acceleration due to gravity.
This satisfies Newton's third law.

Yes.

For a wing in level flight, the vertical component of momentum is
zero.

No.

That is, on a microscopic scale, no. The wing is constantly
freefalling, then being bounced back up by impact with air molecules.
Averaged over all the molecules, yes, the net is zero (the wing flies)
but on a microscopic scale, the wing is in constant brownian motion.
This implies momentum transfer, and following the momentum on a
microscopic scale is instructive.

The wing imparts
as much upward momentum to the air as it does downward momentum.

This is where I disagree. Upward momentum gets imparted, but not
(directly) by the wing. Rather, it is imparted by the ground, mediated
through other air molecules. Of course this wouldn't happen if the wing
didn't pass through and throw the air down to begin with, but the ground
is what ultimately imparts the upwards momentum.

The pressure differential through the wing, from bottom to top,
integrated
over the wing area, provides an upward force for a wing in level
flight.

That's the shortcut. Where does this pressure differential come from -
that is the question.

The downwash behind the aircraft, which is counterbalanced by a more
diffuse upwash around it, is real but not relevent to the issue of
lift.

I disagree here too. It's important in seeing the entire picture.

The wing is ultimately being supported by the ground, the same way
somebody standing on a stool is ultimately supported by the ground.

Well, ok, a slightly different way, but only in detail.

Jose
--
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